Comparing the Development of Trade in Gotland and Great Zimbabwe :: Geography

Comparing the Development of Trade in Gotland and Great Zimbabwe There were many differences and similarities between the ways trade has developed in Gotland and in Great Zimbabwe. In this essay I would discuss the most important ones, that can indicate something about trade development in other places in the world. The time span in which trade has developed and came to its highest level in both places was about the same. In Great Zimbabwe it was between the 10th and the 16th centuries. In Gotland it started in the Vikings age end (9th century) and ended in the 16th century. The trade was reduced radically after these eras have passed. The main reason for it in Great Zimbabwe was social and environmental reasons_Great Zimbabwe was abandoned. Another reason is that the Portuguese began exploring southeast Africa and made colonies there, that weakened the Shona Kingdom even more. In Gotland the trade amounts were reduced because it stopped being an independent island_it was vanquished by its enemies. The conquering of a place could affect the trade and its development for the worse. The geographical locations in both places have affected the trade development. Both places have coasts. In Gotland, which is an island, it was probably hard to create trade connections when the ships were not so developed. When the ships were more advanced, Gotland was used as a trade station_ships from the Baltic area got equipped and traded with the Gutar. Great Zimbabwe is found in the mainland but it is close to the coast. Great Zimbabwe's region contains many gold resources and it is a good agricultural zone. The location of an area and the resources in it could affect the trade and its development tremendously. The markets that the merchants in each place traded with were ones that the best way to reach them was by sailing. The people from Great Zimbabwe used the winds that are blowing in the Indian ocean and the Arab sea to navigate to the places they traded with. The places are: southern Arabia, India, China. The Gutar traded with ships that came to Gotland from the Baltic area. In the golden age of the trade in Gotland the Gutar have reached to places all over Europe and even to the Mediterranean sea countries. Both places have traded with countries of their areas since the ships were not so well developed at that time_unlike today, they were not good and safe enough for very long sails. In the past an access to a sea or an ocean could affect the trade and its development.

History of Fashion Essay -- Fashion Style clothing Historical Essays

History of Fashion Fashion is defined as a style of dress that is popular during a certain time or era (?Fashion?, 1). It often changes and reflects a persons? social class in old days. In modern times it reflects personality. Fads come and go as people find new and different things to like. Until the 20th century fashion changed very slowly. In the 20th century fashions change as quickly as lightning because of mass production and fast moving society. About every 10 years a totally new kind of dress is in style. Fashion is affected in many ways. Inventions and good economy bring many changes with it. Wars and bad economy bring plain fashion that stays for a while (?Fashion Through the Ages?, 1). Fashion often seems to go in a big loop repeating itself over and over again. Women?s fashion has changed and gone from fancy to simple and easy to wear. Here is a quick view of fashion from BC times to the future!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In ancient times clothing was simple, based more on function than style. Men and women wore a big rectangular piece of wool six feet wide and about a foot and a half taller than the person. The wool was wrapped around the person and pinned on the shoulder with a broach. Fabric was mainly white or off-white, but never bright colored. In fact red was forbidden for commoners. Hair was mainly worn in braids or covered by fabric draped like a hood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the spread of Christianity, clothing in medieval times became modest. Although the basic tunic style dress was still used, it became longer and sleeves were added. Heavier fabric was used and shoes replaced sandals. Increase in trade made for more extravagant fabrics and embellishments on clothing. Hair was worn down often with a jewel in it. The really wealthy and nobility experimented with extreme styles from vibrant color to hooked shoes to cone shaped hats in order to separate themselves from the middle class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many changes came with the Renaissance period, with the rise of art fashion changed. Dresses became shorter and princess cut. Puffed sleeves, high collars and hoop skirts were the thing to wear. Slashing, or wearing two layers and cutting the outer layer was fashionable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Modesty came back with Elizabethan times. Queen Elizabeth had clothes covered every part of a persons body sleeves became tight instead of puffed and waist lines were straight. Gowns were worn by ... ...Sleek simple or choppy hair styles were seen as cute. Jeans were narrow and black in the beginning and became flared or relaxed with everything from glitter to studs to dress it up at the end of the 90?s. Any kind of shirt could be paired with jeans, from revealing belly shirts to classy blouses to comfortable t-shirts. Animal prints and camouflage were just a couple of prints that made their home in the 90?s (?Fashion Era?, 41). No matter what you were wearing in the 90?s it was sure to be a designer brand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fashion has and always will repeat in a cycle. It seems to be cycling from elaborate to minimal as our lives become more complex due to technology. I think fashion will continue to be unpredictable. Many times movies and television have predicted how the future population would dress with no success. One thing is for sure, fashion will continue to be unique to the individual who wears it and express for them what they may not say with words. Works Cited ?Fashion.? Encyclop?dia Britanica. 2002 ed. ?Fashion Era.? Fashion History and Costume Era. Fashion-era. 23 Nov. 2003 ?Fashion Through the Ages.? The Evolution of Fashion. Bharat Textile. 19 Nov. 2003   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

McDonald Case study Essay

Comparing with other competitors in the catering industry, McDonald’s has developed into one the giant and most famous fast food restaurants in the world. At present time, McDonald’s is the world’s largest food service retailers offering services to customers, in the same time they are keeping opening new shops all over the world every day. However, even though their business is keeping increasing, but they also met some negative messages from consumers or other parties, such as their products is not unhealthy, food they provided will cause obesity to the childhood. From relative estimation, it shows that obesity condition and the qty of those overweight children have been increasing rapidly throughout the world. More seriously, childhood obesity rate in the country of Australia is the highest in the world. From this consideration, it is much necessary to analysis relationship between the fast food and the obesity. Here, I will take the example of McDonald’s to research in detail 2.0 Analysis of case (McDonald fast food) There are lots of people will be consumed in McDonald’s., roughly, there are more than 30 million customers will be served in McDonald’s restaurants around the world. Accordingly, McDonald also achieved great success, especially comparing with other not so famous similar competitors. But due to fast food’s unique style of business, such as: their unique food ingredients, material used and cooking method, people think fast food will be the main cause for the obesity, typically for children, because they like the taste of such fast food a lot and consumed a lot too. In Australia, according to the study, there are about 25% of children in Australia are obese or overweight nowadays, while that was just 5% in the 1960s. The study from Australia’s Child Youth Help shows that the overweight preschoolers aged four years rose from 3.2% for boys and 3.5% for girls, to 4.1% for boys and 5.8% for girls in 2002. Also according to many scholars and nutritionist’s reflection, it is not hard to know that the fast food provided will be the main reason for causing childhood obesity. Since obesity has lots of negative effect to the health of the people, and especially for childhood, comparing with normal adults, childhood will be the focus for parents or relative health institute to pay attention on. As relative research shows that fast food will generate relative higher fats etc, so becomes one of the main causes of getting child fat. For McDonald, due to their significant achievement, together with their multi-advertisement, makes people, child is more familiar with them, on the contrary, this type of condition also makes McDonald become the target of complaints of childhood obesity. 2.1 Questions 1: McDonald relationship with childhood obesity Due to the cause of the obesity, McDonald’s relationship with child and parents becomes much tight. There are lots of people complain this giant food seller, because they have provided to many fast food to children, which cause them failed to be healthfully growing. In which, their variety type advertisement also become the target for people to blame. Because advertisement will bring good feeling and positive to the consumer, especially when child get to know the advertisement, they will be much easily to be attracted by the contents, therefore, they will be much easily tend to take such advertising food. In the meantime, since they are short of the knowledge to judge and get to know more detail of the products, is it  good, or will it bring bad effect to health once eats. So in the way, McDonald’s advertisement becomes the target of people’s blaming. As far as I am concerned, it is not doubt that McDonald will hold the direct responsibility, because they are the food providers, and they are the persuader to make children like their food by advertisement. But in the meantime, children’s parents shall also have the responsibility. Normally when the child go in to the McDonald’s shop, they will accompanied by their parents or elder person, at this point, when the children do not have the knowledge and the ability to tell the negative of the fast food, their older accompanier shall point out in time, also shall provide necessary guide in selecting the food. 2.2 Questions 2. The impact of McDonald’s marketing Advertisement will bring lots of effect to consumers, and for McDonald’s marketing because most of their advertisement contents will be designed by professional, who will be able to make the contents of the advertisement will be much attracting to their consumer, and when they target children, normally, the effect of the advertisement will work. Also they will design relative program to present their products to consumers. 2.2.1 Impact of McDonald’s marketing on individual consumers It is well-known the principle of the treatment to the people in McDonald’s that people are the key to the success of McDonald’s. To individual consumers, McDonald’s celebrate the children’s birthday with them. The parties are fun, Hassie-free and make for great memories to give an impressive and unforgettable experience for each of the individual customers in it. Customers can choose from two great-value packages, each offering games, entertainment and meals, and with more than 200 committed birthday party restaurants Australia-wide, there are plenty of nearby locations to choose from. Additionally, there is online booking for the convenience of the customers, which is even easier to give the little customers a party they’ll love. 2.2.2 Impact of McDonald’s marketing on other business and society Apart from the great favorable impact of McDonald’s to the individual consumers, McDonald’s itself also shed indispensable impact on other business and society as a whole. There are 267 franchisees and 9,000 suppliers serving as business partners in McDonald’s Australia alone (McDonald’s Australia Corporate Responsibility & Sustainability Report 2010). Therefore, the great sales in McDonald’s will no doubt generate vast increase to the sales of those business partners to a large extent. 2.3 Question 3: Social marketing’s influence to children Social marketing will contribute and affect a lot to the consumer through variety type of approaches, and it can be clearly known from the example of McDonald. The great success of McDonald’s is basically because of its establishment and implication of its responsibility to do what’s right. To better carry out this responsibility, McDonald’s takes several measures as the societal marketing listing below: (1) Productive strategy of high quality products. The quality of the products is the life thread of an enterprise. From this consideration, McDonald’s places this to the first of the other four criteria. (2) Price strategy of reasonable price. To be successful in the furious competition of fast food industry, McDonald’s implicates the marketing strategy of low price and national uniform price. (3) Service strategy of clean and speedy service. The cleaning of the food in McDonald’s has closed connection with the health of the customers, especially that of the children’s. While clean and speedy service provides convenience for the necessity of busy customers. Promotional strategy oriented with ads. The promotional strategy in McDonald’s is rather simple but quite effective, mainly with the strategy of ads publicity to create sensational effects. (5) Cultural strategy of accustoming to the local culture. McDonald’s maintains its own style of diet and also adapts to the local culture to invent food of the traditional distinguishing features (Nestle & Jacobson, 2000). Through the measures above, McDonald try to widely present their products as top as possible to the consumers, also their products will be accompanied with good service which will greatly influence the consumption intendance and habit of their customer, in which children are also the most part, therefore children will naturally like to eating in McDonald. 2.4 Question 4. Opinion of advertising for kids and other solutions for childhood obesity in Australia 2.4.1 Problems of advertising for kids The advertisements of McDonald’s are always aimed at interesting more customers, especially to the little children. McDonald’s enticing their children customers to want its food by applying free toy giveaways. The ads of McDonald’s are both in TV or other publications produce various attractive pictures and images to entice the children to it from their visual to their gustatory sense. 2.4.2 Other solutions to solve childhood obesity To solve childhood obesity, several strategies are decided as followed: – More focus must be placed on the group prevention rather than the individual treatment and instruction. In order to change the diet and behavior in the family, it is critical whether to depend on the family and the society. The effect of the individual instruction such as the fat farm and summer camps will be very limit without the long term support from the society and school (Allison & Webe, 2003). – School must be the major part of the prevention of childhood obesity. – The government must make no efforts to control childhood obesity. – How to cooperate with the food industry is one of the parts of the strategies (Berg,Buechner& Parham,2003). 2.5 Trend of the fast food industry in Australia The fast food industry in Australia has achieved its great success in recent years. The social and industrial status of fast food industry has been gradually established and become more important. The scales of both the industry and the enterprises are increasingly broadening, and the quality and standard are improving evidently. In a word, the development of fast food industry is limitless in the long run. All around Australia, fast food is not simply a commodity; it is also a representation of â€Å"the West† or â€Å"American†. If it wants to help explain its attraction, McDonald’s should innovate its quality as well as the foods themselves to match the advance  demand of the society. Australian business environment was so complicated that foreigners could not hope to survive on their own, in such circumstance, only those enterprise matching with the consumer requirement will be survive. On the whole, Australian consumers treat â€Å"fast food† restaurants as leisure centers and tend to stay longer than do most Americans. In the meantime, other type food, like rice is more than a simple grain; it is imbued with symbolic meanings and is perceived as sacred by many Australians. The style of food does not fit easily into the existing Australian food system, so McDonald’s, if can operated in a more healthy way for their food by improving step by step in innovation, it can be easier to be accepted. 3.0 Conclusion In conclusion, McDonald’s is believed the giant of the fast food industry. It has achieved great success in its sales and the fame all over the world. However, together with its great success, McDonald’s also creates serious problems to the society, in specific the childhood obesity. It is estimated that the prevalence of obesity and overweight children has been increasing rapidly throughout the world. And the rates of the childhood obesity in the country of Australia are the highest in the world. Its beginning relates to the starts of a new political era, on in which local interests challenge the authoritarian rule of the Nationalist Parethy, in this way, the Golden Arches arrive just as Australia reaches takeoff as a major player in the global electronics and computer markets. To many consumers in Australia, McDonald’s meant something the leisure and easy, and people prefer it. So in order to advance their business, but in the same time, not to bring the negative side to the consumer, especially children, it is part of McDonald’s responsibility to take care of their products, trying best to find good method or innovation to catch the problem of causing serious state of childhood obesity, that is certain measures are in great need to be taken to solve or affiliate the situation. It is also believed that with better responsibility taken, and with correct marketing, trying to stick the principle of â€Å"right goods is the base of good marketing†, then the fast food industry will be successful forever. References: Allison,D.B. & Weber,M.T(2003). Treatment and prevention of obesity: what works, what doesn’t work, and what might work. Lipids Berg,F., Buechner J. & Parham E. (2003). Guidelines for childhood obesity prevention programs: promoting healthy weight in children. Nutr Educ Ebhav McDonald’s Australia Corporate Responsibility & Sustainability Report 2010 Nestle,M.& Jacobson,M.F(2000). Halting the obesity epidemic: a public health policy approach. Public Health Rep

Abstract for Choices, Values, and Frame Essay

Reading 2.2 Kahneman,D and Tvesky, A. (1984), ‘ Choices, values, and frames’. Ameriacn Psychologist, 39 (4) Abstract This article discuss when consumers feel a certain price which is bringing the â€Å"loss† rather than the â€Å"income†, they are more sensitive to price. Consumers are feeling a certain price more cost-effective manner and the other a less cost-effective. They will accord the cognitive psychological evaluation to exhibit a completely different personal attitude and decision making. Economic decision making theory has always been that people are fundamentally rational animal. However, human beings have irrational features in many aspects. One of the most attract somebody’s attention example is calling the â€Å"framing effect† In this effect, the positive or negative way to make a decision has had a dramatic effect on subsequent choice. The researchers found that integration from the decision system of emotional preference were potential causes of framing effect. With the potential risk benefit choices need to pay the cognitive effort than defined benefit choice; however, determining the damaged choice and risk selection potential damage to pay cognitive effort is the same. There are two fundamental analyze principles for rational choice theory: dominance and invariance. Dominance can be defined that project A in the worst case is better than project B, project A should be accept. Invariance requires that human describe selectivity problem for the same thing that will draw the common preference. Framing effect can be divide two types: positive and negative. The positive frame shows risk-averse preference for gains. On the other hand, the negative frame shows risk- seeking preference for losses. In addition, in mental accounting, money can be attributed to the different types of account which cannot replace each other. People are always divide outcomes into different mental accountings and use decision value and experience value, in order to evaluate the results whether can be accepted. EXAMPLE To discuss the cognitive psychology effects our daily life, I will give a  example of rent or buy a house in Sydney. If we want rent a house or apartment in Sydney which have two bedrooms, a living room and 2 bathrooms, according to my experience, we need to pay 600-800 dollar each week. Most of us may not feel pressure to rent an apartment for one or two years. If we spend 20000 or 30000 as down payment which is use for purchase an apartment. I think we could be hesitating. We analyze that purchase a apartment is better than rent in order to live one or two years in some place. We are willing spend less to live although we make sure loss 600-800 each week. However, it leads to a value of experience, and this experience value effect our decision. Finally, we would rather to rent an apartment although we know it not a rational investment. Reading 8.3 Abstract This article point out that the exercise of power in the process of development and implementation of organizational information systems are very expensive and time consuming. Accordingly, the theory of ‘sociology of translation’ provides corresponding solutions for the organization. According to the theory, there are two important features in the problemastisation. Firstly, actor or group should more specific in a general problem to find a mental to solving. Secondly, actors should be defined identities in a plan that will use their skill and experience precisely. The author point out an example that senior manager enjoy the IT program and analyze it to use reducing cost as a new tool. In addition, most of the consultants believe that organizations should make clear position, future goals and behavior before implement IT strategy. Meanwhile, consultants also believed that IT system is great significance strategy for organizations lead to successful. For another example, IT consultants try them best to make sure problematisation steady. The successive problematisations build an exercise of power and prevent other alternative problematisations from getting onto the agenda of the project team. In conclusion, the author solves the problems in the information technology process in the theory of concepts. Consultants adopted the theory of  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsociology of translation’ to solve organizations’ problem. Discuss the nature of the relationship between external management consultants and customer or user groups. The author considers the other resource management role and differential access to its knowledge and skills, such as an important exercise of power relations. Example ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): Enterprise resource planning system is basing on information technology. The use of information technology implementation of enterprise supply chain management, in order to realize scientific management of each link in the supply chain. ERP integrates information technology and advanced management ideas become the modern enterprise mode which reflecting the era of enterprise reasonable allocation of resources. It maximizes the creation of social wealth and become the cornerstone of corporate survival. In the company, the general management mainly includes three aspects: production control (planning, manufacturing, logistics (distribution), procurement, inventory management) and financial management (accounting, financial management); three systems are integrating and the importance of human resources constitutes the primary module of ERP system. The ERP system of business each module refinement, split, forming a relatively independent software syst em and the seamless connection, so that the enterprises of different scales can be freely combined according to need and make enterprise resource optimization configuration. Reading 1.3 Abstract The author claims a general make a strategic relate to several aspects. This article points out that your teammates or colleagues making decision will affect on yourself. Namely, the title of this article: â€Å"looking up and looking around†. Firstly, â€Å"looking up† is a basic human nature in any situation. In other words, when you meet a more experience and knowledge person (such as your manager and your boss) make a strategic, and then making decision follow how he/she would act. Secondly, ‘looking around’ is one of your opinions. When you work with your teammates or colleagues, you will find out how they deal with problems and what they make decisions. Then  you will follow their opinions to deal with yourself problems. The author also points out that â€Å"decision- making paralysis† always effect on everyone no matter you are middle manage or even the top manager and CEO. When face with a problem, human minds always goes blank. They want to find a solution to solve the problem. If not, they will look for someone to take the burden. On the other hand, they will afraid to make decision in any situation because they don’t want the decision bring fail. Most of managers suffer from anxiety that colleagues will find out their incapability. There is important problem that makes a rational strategic not only managers’ duty, it also relate to company’s structure and the project. Manager always are demanded to make a decision quickly which based on information transmits from primary levels. However, the information not particularly correct that leads to some wrong decisions in that situation. Obviously, the manager who makes the wrong decision in a organization should take the bl ame and be fired. This situation always happens in many companies. The author claims that a outstanding managers should have a rational analyze and quick thinking abilities. Example In my experience, when I worked at an international land sales company, my manager receives a project to help a China company find an office. Our team receive the order which needs a 300㎠¡ work place in shanghai CBD. Firstly, we should make a research to find out whether a suitable square. Our manager makes a decision to ask some building manager which is located in shanghai CBD. Finally, we find a suitable place for the China Company. However, when we check require with the company, our assistant told us we get wrong squares that is 400 ㎠¡. So our manager has to afresh contact to the building list. Fortunately, we found a 90 ㎠¡ near the former one. Our manager decides to connect the two work place to reach 400㎠¡. We successfully completed out task on time.

The Girl In Dream Of The Designer

Fan Bing bing, a Chinese actress, singer, producer, and wickedly awesome dresser. She is 31 year old, stunning beauty with height 168 cm and weigh 52. 5 kg. Known for her very large eyes and small proportional face, Fan has been dubbed â€Å"goddess† by her Chinese fans and is a lightning rod in the fashion community, a topic of constant discussion and excitement. She has slim and lovely body which suit her very much with tied fitted dress. She also goes very well with low cut dress which make her look sexy and elegant. Bing bing often appear in public is with elegant long dress. She is also often boldly dress up with stunning and catchy design. Her dress could be overwhelmed to some but she stands out beautifully and gracefully with her ways of having fun by playing dress up. Bing bing always find the spirit of the dress, she also refined in developing strong personal appearance. That's why Asian beauties stand whenever appearance. Page Redcarpet compare Bing bing as â€Å"the girl in the dream of the designer†. Each occurrence of the events, large and small, Bing bing are characterized by different styles. Oriental facial features, body shape, elegant and a little pride †¦ all impress beautiful Asian beauty and allure. Fan Bing bing not bind itself in a certain style. So in the event, fans are nervously waiting for the image that she will bring. Actors dared to try a variety of outfits and very smart in the coordinate map, so she completely mastered what jacket on people, making them beauty Fan Bingbing way. In late 2012, many world famous fashion website ranked Bing bing in the first position in the list of best-dressed female artist in 2012. The voting results indicate that taste in fashion world Bing bing is confirmed. Progresses in the field of cinema, the way to behave more sober, mature, Bing bing gradually rid label â€Å"vase† to become a celebrity due to the power of art. Fan Bing bing ranked first in the list of the most powerful female character in the Chinese fashion fans does not surprise. She is the most prominent face of the overseas Chinese beauty the fashion week as well as his excellent show at the International Film Festival of Cannes, Tokyo, Pusan †¦ Page 1 Bing Bing also shows the outstanding taste. Not loyal to a certain style, she always gives the audience the unexpected. Sexy, sexy – innocence, purity, from classic to modern, from the firing to the sprawling †¦ but the combination of her always praise. The red carpet shows that she isn't just one of the most beautiful women in China, she is one of the most beautiful women in the world! As much as flamboyant designs that she h as appeared before , I would love to design cocktail dress that hopefully will bring out the best of her. With her youth busty and tall figure and lovely bodyline, she will look natural, sexy and youthful with short dresses. She will look stunning sexy in lower cut and backless cocktail dress. Tied fitted short dress will allow her to show off her lovely bodyline, long modally legs and as well as her silky skin. Cuts simple, novel for the hand feels comfortable, modern and sophisticated,' LBD ‘cocktail dress are always chic and classy, is always popular regardless of the transition of the time and the fashion trends. â€Å"Simplicity is beauty! Fang Bing bing is simply a beauty of the world! Dress that is complicated with too much floral designs or lacy designs could not bring out the real beauty of Bing bing. If we look at Fan Bing bing features of large eyes with small proportional face , sharp chin with long silky black hair, and often her makeup is simple yet elegant. LBD cocktail dress would be matching her in the best simplicity way and yet most elegant at the same time. I a m very certain ‘LBD' dress with plain colored, knit Fabric will not only simply enhanced her beauty, and it will could be everyday dress too.

Alcohol & other drug counselling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alcohol & other drug counselling - Essay Example The book, (Tracy J Jarvis & Jenny Tebbutt & Richard P Mattick & Fiona Shand 2005, p. 88), could be a great ray of hope. The Elevation of Alcoholism The elevation of alcoholism as well as other drug abuse has encouraged many treatments to appear in the market. There are different types of drug treatment which are entirely dependent upon the seriousness of the matter. Now, each drug has its own side effects. The ill effects of the drugs like heroine and coke is immense. It is potent enough to cause hallucination therefore known as hallucinogen. Addiction to alcohol and other drugs not only triggers the health but also social and family matters. Excessive consumption of morphine, coke, heroin can also lead to death. The rate of Juvenile offenders has also increased along with crimes like rape, murders, theft and etc. Families fall apart due to this curse of alcoholism. (Cengage Education Alcohol and Other Counselling Book 1. - Theory and terminology, Sociological aspects, Effects of sub stances use, Assessment and referral, Treatment approaches, Brief intervention strategiesm 2008, p. 10)Â  provides intricate information regarding the effects on family, society and etc. Sharing needles among the users welcomes deadly diseases such as jaundice, AIDS, hepatitis and all other severe blood borne diseases (Cengage Education Handbook 19481S -Health care workers on alcohol and other drug problems 2008, p. 15). Australia is worried about the usage of cannabis as per the press reports provided by ABC News. The effects of smoking cannabis are much adverse in people from 30-50 age groups. There are many rehabilitation centers that are helping Australian by initiating drug abuse and alcohol counseling.

Year Round School System, Better Than Summer Vacation Research Paper

Year Round School System, Better Than Summer Vacation - Research Paper Example Students then learn through the fall, winter and spring. At the end of the spring students are finished with school for the year and get to enjoy a nice 8-10 weeks of break. This is a traditional school year and what’s wrong with that? The answer is simply facts! Facts have proven that the benefits to year round education are much more beneficial than traditional education. The problem regarding traditional and year round school is students who attend year round schooling have better scores on tests then students who attend traditional school systems (Lyttle 2011). To further explore why this is so, it is important to understand what happens during summer vacation. A typical summer vacations involves young children to be at day care, and older children left home. Parents still continue to work if they are not stay at home parents. Quickly children lose sense of a schedule. The children begin to sleep in, change eating habits, stay up later, and some make bad decisions. Hardly any studying is done and study time is quickly replaced with video games, television and the internet. Due to changes in schedule during the summer, students forget nearly everything they learned over the school year. This is even more so devastating to children with developmental disorders as they need the constant learning. This problem can be addressed to improve education by allowing for year round schooling. Year round schooling can be much more beneficial in so many different ways. Year round schooling benefits students, parents and teachers. Students benefit from year round schooling by improving tests scores and increasing more efficient work habits. Students whom are able to study year round better retain information as it is not lost due to break in habits. Information that is normally lost during summer vacation is better retained and more focus can be put toward new learning instead of having to refresh what was forgotten over summer break. A study conducted in over 345, 000 schools in the state of North Carolina shows an increase in academic achievements for students who attended year round school versus traditional school. In the article, year round school can be defined as, â€Å"180 days of school instruction that has shorter breaks rather than one large break during the summer†(McMillen2001). Students from lower income levels benefit the most from year round schooling. Year round schooling shows the best benefits when children from low income levels are on a year round school schedule. This may be due to their may be no adult present in the home during the summer and students are able to do as they please. In an article be Tracy Huebner, research has proven that students from low income homes were better off participating in year round schooling as they had higher scores in spelling, reading and math (Huebner 2010). Teachers also benefit from a year round school system. Year round schooling for teachers can be quite beneficial especially if teachers are not on a salary rate. When faced with year round versus traditional school setting on non salary earnings, teachers are more likely to seek year round schooling. Besides earnings, there are many other reasons why year round schooling is more beneficial to teachers. Teachers normally plan the fall school year refreshing much information lost during summer vacation. Year round schooling involves less having to refresh during the fall and more complete and continuous focus throughout the year. Lessons plans allow for more focused learning. Parents would likely prefer year round schooling with shorter breaks rather than one larger break. It is easier on parents whose children are in year round sch