Science Can Not Be Defined - 1531 Words

Science Cannot be Defined Calvin Berndt Philosophy of Science Spring 2015 05/03/2015 There are a multitude of conflicting theories that aim to conclude the definition of science, and all of them have underlying issues that make them inadequate in giving a definitive definition. According to Dictionary.com the current prevailing definition of science is â€Å"the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment (Dictionary, n.d.).† However, the attempted definitions of science are not useless as they are still very useful in understanding what science is and what it means to carry out science, but there is no simple unobjectionable definition. The before-mentioned†¦show more content†¦The example Bauer uses to demonstrate this idea is â€Å"just because the first million swans were white, one could not guarantee that the next one would be white also. (Bauer, 1992)† The very next swan could indeed be black, and because of this possibility the thesis that ‘all swans are white ’ could never be true. David Hume brings up the fact that although we have always perceived the same cause and effect, their connection is not necessarily true. Another example would be that all metals expand when heated. It is true that all of the metals humans have identified to this point in time have been tested to expand when heated, but that doesn’t necessarily mean that we will never discover a metal that doesn’t expand when it is heated in the future. Hume concludes induction cannot be a rational inference, due to the fact that inductions can produce false conclusions from true premises, and ultimately implies the idea that correlation doesn’t necessarily mean causation. These examples demonstrate the idea that no absolute certainty can be derived from the scientific method. Karl Popper expands this idea by saying that what makes something scientific is the concept of it being falsifiable, rather than a method that results in absolute truth (Jogal ekar, 2014). This means that in order for a theory to be scientific it has to have the possibility of being tested to be false or incorrect. According to Popper, this is also

The Importance Of Spaying And Neutering And The Problems...

My topic is on spaying and neutering and the problems those surgeries could make better or even fix completely. Ultimately by spaying or neutering a pet, the owner would be helping lower the overpopulation of animals. A pet owner would also be helping their pet by not allowing them to go through puberty or heat cycles. It is a fact known worldwide that spaying and neutering your pet will help lower the overpopulation of animals. Overpopulation has been a problem for many years now. There are too many stray animals wandering the streets and living in animal shelters awaiting a home that won’t come. The importance of spaying and neutering is to give the pet owner and the pet the best life. Veterinarians perform spaying and neutering†¦show more content†¦Everyone is affected by overpopulation, even those who do not own pets. Human health is at risk from all the stray animals having transmittable diseases such as rabies and the animal waste. There are several different procedures on spaying and neutering pets. Each and every procedure would be performed by a veterinarian who has studied medicine. Discuss all of these procedures with a veterinarian for the best option for each specific pet. Of course, there is the usual spay procedure is a ovariohysterectomy, which is when the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus are removed from a female pet. As a result this makes the female pet unable to reproduce and eliminates the breeding instinct-related behavior and the heat cycle. Also there is the hysterectomy, which is when the uterus and part of the fallopian tubes are removed from a female pet. This makes the female pet unable to reproduce, but the female will still produce hormones because of the ovaries. This may not eliminate the female behaviors related to the breeding instinct. Lastlty, for the female pet there is the ovariectomy, which is when the ovaries are removed from a female pet but the uterus remains. Similarly t o the effects of ovariohysterectomy such as making the female unable to reproduce and eliminates the breeding instinct-related behavior and the heat cycle. The usual neuter procedure is a orchiectomy, which is when the testes are removed from aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Animal Overpopulation 1405 Words   |  6 PagesThe state of companion animals in this country is precarious at best; caught between scientists who subscribe to Descartes’s idea of ‘anima ex machina’ (unfeeling, a living example of biological processes without the status of ‘being’) and the more common phenomenon of people who pamper their pets in ways that most people would envy. For most individuals living in an urban society such as ours, the most common interaction with animals happens within the home – if the animals that we relate to andRead MoreEssay on Prevention of Animal Overpopulation1722 Words   |  7 Pagesnothing to end the horrific crimes of animal deaths in sh elters. It is no secret that this world has become infused with problems that have extended from one side of the globe to the other. Amongst these problems lies a terrible truth: nearly every year, sums of almost eight million cats and dogs have been placed in shelters around the world. Out of these vast numbers, half will be euthanized; that equals to one animal being put down every 8 seconds. Animals that are not adopted are kept in sheltersRead MoreThe Overpopulation Of The Ohio Valley1505 Words   |  7 PagesStates, about 7.6 million companion animals enter animal shelters every year. The overpopulation of these animals and the fact that they have no homes leads to about 40% of them being euthanized (ASPCA). This is a global issue, but the root of it can be found within the local community at The Humane Society of the Ohio Valley. The director of this animal shelter, Kelly Goedel, says that the cause of animal homelessness is primarily the lack of spaying and neutering along with the lack of commitmentRead MoreAdopt and Save a Life Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesrealize many animals have a life as this dog has had. Studies show that more animals in the United States are being euthanized every day due to the fact of overpopulation of animals, serious injury or diseases, puppy mills and natural disasters. According to the Humane Society of the United States, they estimated that in 2013, animal shelters care for about six to eight million dogs and cats every year, of this approximately three to four million are euthanized (Pet Overpopulation). This statedRead MoreMission. According To Pets Alive (2016), The Mission Of1019 Words   |  5 Pageshealth and well-being of cats and dogs. To accomplish this, they have partnered with the animal welfare community. This partnership will allow them to provide both life -saving programs and solutions to the problem of overpopulation (Pets Alive, 2016). History According to â€Å"Pets Alive†, in April of 2002, Katrina Sturgeon read a newspaper article that stated that around 70% of the animals brought to the animal shelter in Bloomington were euthanized. Appalled by this statistic, she wrote a letter toRead More Adoption of Animals Essay1808 Words   |  8 PagesAdoption of Animals Anyone, who visits an animal shelter, as I do, sees an extraordinary number of beautiful, affectionate, and desperate dogs and cats. The majority of animals in any particular shelter are dogs, usually adults, for whom there arent enough adoptive homes waiting. A few may have come from responsible breeders, whose owners do not realize that the breeder will take them back,many are those who are lost, and/or from owners who simply got tired of them. Some are pet shop puppiesRead MorePet Overpopulation Epidemic Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesSpeech Topic: Pet Overpopulation Epidemic General Purpose: To persuade. Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that the public is to blame for the pet overpopulation epidemic. Central Idea: In order to control the overwhelming population of homeless pets, we need to stop throwing our â€Å"family friends† away. There are 1.5 dogs and cats put to sleep every second 4-6 million dogs and cats are euthanized every year, states the Humane Society. The pet overpopulation epidemic has becomeRead MoreHow to Save an Animal Life Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pageslived a long, healthy life and it was finally his time to go. Many animals today are being taken out of this world in the same manor that Happy did, but the only difference is that it is not their time. This is due to overpopulation in animal shelters. Death in animal shelters due to overpopulation is a problem that I believe could easily be resolved if we were to take more responsibility as pet owners. There are simply too many animals being brought into this world, and not enough space or homes forRead MoreLife Long Friend Make A Good Choice1694 Words   |  7 Pagesbreeders, when in reality our country should be looking at humane societies or a local animal shelter for a new friend. Many of these dogs in the animal shelters are being euth anized each year. Everyone is capable of finding a new dog to take home and love at the shelter. Additionally, the cost to buy a new puppy could be quite expensive especially depending on the type of breed. Even though all these animals in the shelter just want love, affection, along with unconditional attention yet people’sRead MoreChoosing A New Perfect Dog For You And Your Family Sometimes2122 Words   |  9 Pagesor dog breeders when in all reality they should be looking at humane societies or a local animal shelter for a new pet. A big population of the dogs in animal shelters are being euthanized each year. Luckily the percentage is going down. Additionally, the cost to buy a new puppy from a pet store could be quite expensive especially depending on the type of breed the person chooses. Even though all the animals in these different shelters just strive for love, affection, along with unconditional attention

Pros and Cons of Coal Energy free essay sample

The use of coal is much bigger than that. Coal is used to create almost half of all electricity generated in the United States. It is inexpensive compared to other energy sources, which means lower bills for its consumers. Coal is easily stored, transported, and controlled in large volumes A variety of industries use coals heat and by-products. Separated ingredients of coal (such as methanol and ethylene) are used in making plastics, tar, synthetic fibers, fertilizers, and medicines. Coal power produced 49. 7% of the U. S. electricity supply in 2005. According to the Energy Information Administration, the U. S. has demonstrated coal reserves of approximately 496 billion tons of coal (more than any other country in the world), half of which is mine able with existing technologies. Consumption of coal worldwide is expected to increase 71% between 2004 and 2030, driven by developing countries that use coal to generate about 75% of their power. The burning of coal, like that of gas and oil produces carbon dioxide (CO2) the main greenhouse gas, which is linked to global warming. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Coal Energy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Coal also contains sulfur dioxide when it is burnt. In the atmosphere, it becomes sulfuric acid by oxidation, an irritant for the lungs and a main component of â€Å"acid rain†. Coal is a fossil fuel that is burnt in order to produce electricity. It produces emissions such as sulfur, nitrogen oxide (NOx), and mercury, which can pollute the air and water. Sulfur mixes with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide (SO2), a chemical that can affect trees and water. Mercury that is released into the air eventually settles in water. This mercury in the water can build up in fish and shellfish, and can be harmful to animals and people who eat them. Now that I’ve told you about the cons of coal as our energy power source, I must tell you that there are changes being made to reduce these risks and ease your minds of ecological concerns. Industry has found several ways to reduce sulfur, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and other impurities from coal. They have found more effective ways of cleaning coal after it is mined, and coal consumers have shifted towards greater use of low sulfur coal. Power plants use flue gas desulfurization equipment to clean sulfur from the smoke before it leaves their smokestacks. There are also technologies that can remove impurities from coal or that make coal more energy-efficient so less needs to be burned. Scientists are also working on new ways to reduce mercury emissions from coal-burning power plants. Reuse and recycling can also diminish coal’s environmental impact. Land that was previously used for coal mining can be reclaimed for uses like airports, landfills, and golf courses.

Mark Twain As Philosopher Essays - Picaresque Novels,

Mark Twain As Philosopher Mark Twain is, according to critics and readers alike, the first great American novelist (Reuben). Throughout his lifetime Twain, born Samuel Longhorn Clemens, held an eclectic mix of jobs, and, wrote a great deal about his experiences and his boyhood. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (AOTS) and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (AOHF) are a pair of novels by Twain that: present the new and radical changes in the early 1800s in contrast to the old fashioned ways; mirror Twain's life as a young boy growing up in a one-horse town on the Mississippi River; and, give the reader an idea of his view that the loss of innocence signals the coming of age. Twain was born in 1835 and Tom Sawyer grew up in the 1840s. Around this time, America, especially the North, was undergoing "revolutionary changes in transportation and communication" (Geise 93). The river steam boat was invented in 1807 (Roberts and Kennedy 305) and subsequently took over mass transportation from sailboats using the ocean (Geise). This was a big change from the previous small scale or trans-ocean transport. After the steam boat came the steam train which revolutionised transportation in a similar fashion, and they synergistically opened the West to all people and boosted trade and commerce enormously--not just of the big industrial towns but of the en-route towns and the farms, In 1849, agriculture accounted for over half of the nation's economy, whereas today it is one-fiftieth (Roberts and Kennedy A27). Canals, turnpikes and clipper ships also greatly affected transport and communication between distant places (311). The times were revolutionary in that the old ways of taking dirty, bumpy roads long distances with little profit were over. Another sign of the times was slavery. Racism was widespread during this time period because many large farms and plantations held slaves. Feelings towards slaves in Missouri were not generally sympathetic, and abolitionists were not well accepted because the economy would collapse without the slave based agriculture. Rudyard Kipling wrote at the end of that century "The White Man's Burden," (643) that was taken to mean that blacks must accept their position as underlings. While a false interpretation, it shows that many Confederates and sympathisers held the view that blacks and slaves deserved to be oppressed even after the Civil War (1861-1864). TAOTS accurately reflects the small town economy. The river trade is the centre of all commerce and without it, town life would end. In Chapter Two of TAOTS, Ben Rogers, a local boy, pretends to be a steamboat. This exemplifies how important the boats were to the town. Everything in the town--the mill, the taverns--they all depended on the trade from the river. The town, consisting of a church, a school, a general store, taverns a mill and a docking area for the boats also reflect how important the river really was. The minister's fire and brimstone sermons (35) preach against the evils of drink, gambling and lust, all of which would have been demonstrated by the passing river sailors and conmen. In the AOHF, the town life is not so much the focus of description as river life. But it is the description of the treatment of slaves that truly stands out. Huck was poor, but still he was socially above Jim because he was white and not owned. TAOHF was set a few decades before the civil war so when Huck and Jim escaped down the Mississippi and headed south, they were putting Jim in more peril. When they took on board the King and the Duke these other travelers wanted to turn Jim in. Many non-slave states actually had laws that allowed for the returning of runaway slaves (Geise 109). Both TAOTS and AOHF are accurate in their description of the situation (slave-wise and town-wise) at that time. Mark Twain's views about childhood and the subsequent loss of innocence are a product of childhood experience growing up in Hannibal, Missouri (pop 500), a small town on the Mississippi River. As a young boy, he enjoyed skipping school to go fishing on the nearby island; playing with the off-limits Tom Blackenship (Draper 3713), the son of the town drunk; or spending time with his sweetheart Laura Hawkins (Thayer 5). Twain once had a harrowing experience as a child when he got lost in a local cave with Laura. Living in the small river town, whose only commerce was from the steamboat trade, he witnessed at least four murders (Sanderlin). When he was eleven, his father died (Meltzer 75). He quit school