Why United States Invades Iraq - 1521 Words

First of all , the paper first way is going to expound about why United States invades Iraq in 2003 for serveral reasons as illustrates: first of all, since United States want to implement the economic sanction to Iraq, they start to invade the Iraq in 2003 and also occupied the Iraqi capital of Baghdad. To be specific, according to research information is clearly shown that due to the Gulf War, the United Nations asked Iraq to stop all chemical and biological weapons because they are worried that it will bring negative influence to the citizen, society and the world. For example, it is being showing by â€Å"The United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) performed inspections in Iraq to make sure that the conditions of the peace agreement that followed the first Gulf War were carried out.† (Jakobsen NTNU, n.d.). Secondly, through the research shows that United States in order to take the military sanctions to against Iraq, Washington s own one-side to take-no-fly zones in the northern and the southern of Iraq. At the same time, the research states that after the first Gulf War, the President George W. Bush and President Bill Clinton signed an agreement which is a legally effective power of attorney in order to overthrow and dismantle Saddam Hussein s regime and preventing Saddam s military coup. Not only does it prevent Saddam s military coup, but also it can take effective means for the Iraqi military. In addition, according to JHSS article claims that UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe Representation Of The Government Politics Model Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s decision to invade Iraq and overthrow Saddam Hussein in 2003, only one model sufficiently explains the decision. The Rational Actor Model only evaluates the nation’s actions as one entity and does not look at any of the organizational or individual behaviors that contributed to the decision. On the other hand, the Organizational Behavior Model explores the processes that sup ported the war’s justification and developed the military’s recommendation, but does not explain why the administrationRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On The Iraq War887 Words   |  4 PagesHistory Annotated Bibliographies Britannica Editors. â€Å"Iraq War†. britannica.com, https://www.britannica.com/event/Iraq-War. Britannica, 2004. Information is revised and edited to be accurate. Britannica is a reliable website. Sources used are both primary and secondary. No knowledge needed to read this article. Great place to start. Covers most aspects of the Invasion of iraq and the iraq War in 2003. Written chronologically. Bruhns, John. â€Å"Iraq 10 Years Later: Participating in My Generation’s MostRead MoreTerrorism Between Iraq And The United States Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pages After the gulf wars, a ceasefire was negotiated between the United Nations coalition and Iraq. During the ceasefire, the United Nations became aware that Iraq had started a biological warfare program in the 1980s, as well as a chemical warfare program. Upon further investigation, they found that these programs had not continued after the war. As a result, the United States main focus moving forward was the removal of the Saddam regime, their official foreign policy for years to come focused on thisRead MoreThe Reason Of United States Invades Iraq1607 Words   |  7 Pages# 1 the reason of United States invades Iraq First of all , the first step is going to talk about why United States invades Iraq in 2003. for serveral reasons as illustrates: First of all, due to implementing the economic sanction, the United States invasion of Iraq was in 2003 and the United States also occupied the Iraqi capital of Baghdad. To be specific, according to research it is showing that referring to the Gulf War, the United Nations asked Iraq to abandon all chemical and biologicalRead MoreThe War Of The United States1639 Words   |  7 PagesHonors P.6 9 February 2015 Iraq War The United States has intervened in many countries throughout history. Some countries became better off with the help that was given by the United States, while other countries stayed static, or became even worse. The war with Iraq is a great example of the horrors that the United States can create when she decides to mess with other countries. America thought that she knew what was best for Iraq, but America was wrong. The United States should not have gottenRead MoreThe United States Invasion Of Iraq1683 Words   |  7 PagesThe Economic Surprise On March 20, 2003 the United States entered into a conflict on two fronts. While the United States military was moving into Iraq, the American economy was taking the first assault of a long and expensive fight. Victory was declared several years ago, and many are content to leave the story at that point. Advocates of the war have hailed its expediency and relatively minimal cost to the United States and its allies. The facts support a different conclusion. The truth lies inRead MoreThe Democratic Peace Theory : Political And Cultural Similarity And Limits Of Democracy1456 Words   |  6 Pagesdispute. rested on these factors, democratic countries could sustain the so-called peaceful state. In contrast, this peaceful state would not exist between non-democratic countries. the reasons why democratic countries can keep the peace cause. (1) Democratic Norms and Cultures.In Common, the so-called normative interpretation (Normative Explanations). The explanation considers that the reason for why democracies don t war, mainly because of the democratic countries have similar culture and valuesRead MoreThe Debate Over The U.s. Invasion Of Iraq1165 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Debate over the U.S. invasion of Iraq continues to foment dissension among international relation theorists. While the invasion can be evaluated through different IR theories, majority suggest the invasion can be assessed through two popular IR theories: Realism and Marxism. Also, I found another useful theory, which will fit in the case if this invasion is security dilemma. There is always controversial among international politics scholars, which discussed the theories that wereRead MoreThe Bush Doctrine and the Iraq War: Neoconservatives vs. Realists - Review1256 Words   |  6 PagesI intend to review â€Å"The Bush Doctrine and the Iraq War: Neoconservatives vs. Realists† by Brian C. Schmidt and Michael C. Williams. The reason for choosing this article for review is simply because of its relevance today throughout the Middle East and how the American foreign policy is drastically changing the dynamics of the world. Schmidt and Williams use the elements of the neoconservative Bush Doctrine to show the direct contrast between realists and neoconservatives. The authors use the BushRead MoreWars Throughout Our History and Our World Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pageswith the statement of the definition of war, the Just War Theory also includes theories such as Jus ad bellum, Jus in Bello, and Jus post bellum. All of these state that there are specific ways to declare war on another country, or countries. Although, each country has its own guidelines as to when a war is just or unjust; for the United States, we have a set of rules and regulations that we must follow. There are also rules that the soldiers have to follow; these are called rules of engagement. These

A Federal Policy Directive - 875 Words

After the initial DACA in 2012 there had not been any major immigration law changed or passed. DACA â€Å"a federal policy directive announced on June 15, 2012, has created new opportunities for about 1.9 million undocumented youth who came to the United States before the age of 16, have lived in the United States continuously fro at least five years, and have graduated from high school or obtained a GED† (ef4c.org, May 1, 2015). On February 16, 2015 Texas District Court Judge Andrew Hanen who put a ruling on a lawsuit supported by 26 states issued an injunction to delay the executive action set to be implemented on February, 18 2015. United We Dream is confident once the lawsuit reaches higher courts it will be turned down because it does not hold grounds. This action was much supported by the United We Dream not only because it further expanded DACA, which affects DREAMers, but it also positively impacts many parents, though not all. DREAMers were not completely satisfied by the executive action because it excluded most of their parents form DAPA (United We Dream, May 1 2015). President Obama’s action was not a simple measure he decided to take on his own, but based off of political pressures United We Dream and other organizations like CHIRLA have put of the Obama administration. During Obama’s detecting and deporting undocumented immigrants through Secure Communities, the DREAMers used political collectiveness to demonstrate against such anti immigrant policies. First,Show MoreRelatedElectronic Mail Acceptable Use Policy1054 Words   |  5 Pagesrequiring the Federal Trade Commission to issue regulations defining the relevant criteria to facilitate the determination of the primary purpose of an electronic mail message, specifically commercial electronic mail messages. An electronic mail acceptable use policy is a document stipulating constraints and practices that users must agree to and comply with when accessing and using the organi zation’s network system and electronic mail servers. The electronic mail acceptable use policy is a componentRead MoreThe Department Of Homeland Security Supplies A National Protection Plan1528 Words   |  7 Pagesto the plan, risk mitigation is then moved into the realm of best practices and policy. The National Plan references PPD-21, Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience, issued in February of 2013. This directive is the explicit call for the National Plan. Also issued was Executive Order 13636: Critical infrastructure Cybersecurity that calls for the coordination between critical infrastructure owners and the Federal Government. These coordinated efforts to secure national infrastructure fall inRead MorePresident Reagan Signed Into Law A National Security Decision Directive1344 Words   |  6 PagesOn September 17th, 1984 President Reagan signed into law a national security decision directive, NSDD-145, titled â€Å"National Policy on Telecommunications and Automated Information System Security†. Even at that time, the government officials understood that computers were susceptible to interception, unauthorized electronic access, and related form of technical espionage and exploitation. It was noted, that hostile agencies were â€Å"extensively† hacking into computers, and that terrorist groups and criminalRead MoreNafta Vs Eu International Integration1601 Words   |  7 Pagesaimed to compare the progress of the strategic competition between the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and their impacts on the United States. According to members of the integration, implementing of competition policy is equally important as liberalize trade. Both unions are federations, but they differ on the status and impact. The concept of regional economic integration implies that countries in the geographical areas agreed with a number of cooperation formsRead MorePrevention And Training Program Of The Memphis Va Medical Center1090 Words   |  5 PagesPURPOSE: This document establishes policy and responsibilities for the Awareness and Training of the MVAMC information and information systems contained at this facility. The Awareness and Training program of the Memphis VA Medical Center (MVAMC) is designed to protect all Information Technology (IT), systems, information, and telecommunications resources from unauthorized access, disclosure, modification, destruction, or misuse. The MVAMC complies with VA Directive 6500, Managing Information SecurityRead MoreThe New Deal and American Federalism885 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernments controlled most aspects of the economy. Federal institutions were limited to ensuring and harmonizing cooperation, between different states, on economic matters. During the Great Depression, many economic institutions failed. President FDR opted to forego economic ideas such as the market’s self-regulation. The national government was traditionally limited in its roles to supporting commerce. President Roosevelt opted to involve the federal government in the nation’s economy in a wholesomeRead MoreGlobal Positioning Systems Gps On Cell Phones1703 Words   |  7 Pagessystems on cell phones such as finding friends, family members, maps and places to visit. Furthermore, cell phone GPS have proven useful in saving lives during emergencies. In this matter, it is important to mention that the United States of America Federal Communications Commission have made a E-911 application and E112 in Europe which requires cell phone companies to provide an accurate location of a cell phone user who calls for emergency help. However, the location of the cell phone user mustRead MoreThe Battle Of War Of 19161456 Words   |  6 PagesOrder 10450 which prohibits Federal employees from being members of a group or organization considered subversive. The order lists sexual perversion as a security risk constituting grounds for termination or denial of employment. 1957 – Captain S. H. Crittenden chairs a U. S. Navy Board of Inquiry that issues a report concluding there is no sound basis for the belief that homosexuals posed a security risk. November, 1972 - Army Regulation 635-200 establishes policy for discharging enlisted personnelRead MoreU.s. Drug Policy Critique Essay1708 Words   |  7 PagesU.S. Drug Policy Critique Drug Policy in the United States began under the Presidency of Richard M. Nixon, who launched the â€Å"War on Drugs† and oversaw the creation of the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). The sole purpose of both initiatives was to combat the copious amounts of drugs flowing out of our borders. Then First Lady Nancy Reagan, who will go down in history as the greatest First Lady of All Time, launched â€Å"Just Say No†. A campaign aimed towards the youth to refuse the vices of drug and alcoholRead MorePresidential Control over the Bureaucracy628 Words   |  3 Pagesdirection of the administration. Giving directives to an agency of exactly what it needs to accomplish. Reorganizing federal departments. Changing discretionary spending. Using the Office of Budget Management to analyze and make suggestions on the budget that can be used by the president to provide support or to take away support from certain agencies (Harrison 416-38). While the President can nominate or directly appoint people to some positions, in reality the federal bureaucracy consists of about three

Conflict Is Essential For Organisational Success . In This

Conflict is essential for organisational success In this current era of modernization and development, there is a serious economic war between firms of different sizes. Many firms have capabilities to success in the market and maintain their position for a very long period of time. Such firms that keep the hold of the market deals with the organisational conflicts effectively and efficiently (1). It is obvious that one can find different nature of people in a workplace and thus causing conflicts. Many researchers and scholars have mentioned that organisational conflict is unavoidable and it is the duty of managers and leaders to manage the conflict to achieve remarkable success and to stand out in the market. As it is clearly noticed†¦show more content†¦In addition, another main cause of organisational conflict is the ambition and enthusiasm of different individuals. Each individual has his or her own way of achieving goals and get the self-motivation by taking different decisions. It is very rare that in a firm a group o f individuals completely agree with another group without presenting their own point of view or thinking. Such behaviour of individuals at some point create conflicts, which if not resolved or managed at the right time or in a right way will affect the success of an organisation. Moreover, workplace conflict can also be divided into two different types, firstly, it arises when people take some decisions or actions that are more focused to their jobs and they are in opposition. Second scenario will be when two different type or nature of employee don’t get along. This second category if not resolved at the beginning of conflict it can sometime become clash and thus become very challenging for the management to address. In a workplace conflict has both a positive and negative effect on the success of an organisation. Positive impact of conflict includes new born creativity, new change to replace old conditions, ability to represent unique and diverse point of view and removing interpersonal differences that can help in enhancement of individual capabilities. It can cause a negative effect when a firm doesn’tShow MoreRelatedEssay on Human Resource Development1689 Words   |  7 Pagesachieving SHRM organizational outcomes. Introduction Learning and development in the context of organizational development is having an essential role in achieving strategic human resourcing outcome. From attraction and retention, to development and utilisation of human capital, Human Resource Development (HRD) is the centre of strategic focus in HRM. This essay aims to present and discuss a strategic model of HRD activities in organisations. Definition of Human Resource Development HumanRead MoreThe Australian Workplace Is A Evolving Environment1483 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Australian workplace environment, we can infer that Australia’s multicultural society has broken down the barriers of uniformity. This both contextual and individual concept is refereed to as diversity. Contrary to popular belief, diversity does not jus relate to gender, race cultural identity. Diversity is categorized into four main categories: organisational, internal, external and personality. From these categories, various experiences and perspectives arise, portraying the concept of diversityRead MoreHuman Resource Development Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagesachieving SHRM organizational outcomes. Introduction Learning and development in the context of organizational development is having an essential role in achieving strategic human resourcing outcome. From attraction and retention, to development and utilisation of human capital, Human Resource Development (HRD) is the centre of strategic focus in HRM. This essay aims to present and discuss a strategic model of HRD activities in organisations. Definition of Human Resource Development HumanRead MoreWhy The Behavioral Theory Is Better For Success Of Teams1632 Words   |  7 PagesSuccess often stems from an optimal combination between planning and performing. When it comes to teams it is often fastidious to determine this combination as the execution and accountability of the task is not set. Therefore it is not surprising that many research projects are directed to finding out the dynamics of a team as it is unhesitatingly accepted that teams are critical in an organization’s success. Many believe that the evolvement of management thought, especially the scientific managementRead MoreTo What Extent Can Organisational Culture Be Managed? Is Organisational Culture Critical to the Success of an Organisation?1417 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent can organisational culture be managed? Is organisational culture critical to the success of an organisation? Within the field of management, the success and failure of the modern business organisation has been largely depicted by the intricate concept of culture. Organisational culture, a concept borrowed from borrowed mostly from anthropology typically is defined as a complex set of values, beliefs, assumptions and symbols that define the way in which an organisation conducts andRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesOrganisational Behaviour (OB) is the study of human behaviour in an organisation. It is a multidisciplinary field devoted to the understanding individual and group behaviour, interpersonal processes and organisational dynamics. OB is important to all management functions, roles and skills. Since organisations are built up levels - individual, group and an organizational system as a whole, it is important for managers to understand human behaviour in order to meet the organizations overall goals.Read MoreThe Purpose of Human Resource Management Policie s in Organisations1323 Words   |  6 Pagesleaves, employee discipline, intellectual property and drug use. In the organisational setting, human resource policies contribute towards establishing organisational structure and culture. If certain policies such as those governing safety in the workplace, performance assessment and appraisal, employee discipline and working hours were to be eliminated, most work settings of organisations would be completely chaotic. In this respect, HR policies govern the relationships among employees as well asRead MoreSharing Of Knowledge Management Systems1194 Words   |  5 Pagessharing of knowledge. This means that employees were motivated by rewards such as promotions or bonuses in order to share knowledge in an organisation (Minbaeva et al 2012). At MindTree, Communities of practice are essential parts of the organisation and reflect the socio-technical approach to knowledge management. Community meetings offer employees a chance to interact on a one-on-one basis to discuss, compare and brainstorm new ideas and trends. The leaders of these communities who facilitate discussionsRead MoreManaging Conflicts Within Groups1013 Words   |  5 Pages| Organisational Behavior Individual Course Paper | Lim Jin Sheng Jason | | Section: ES1 | | Introduction In order to meet the requirements of the individual assignment, this paper uses a specific project management experience to highlight some of the main organisational behaviour (OB) concepts in a real-world professional setting. The two main OB concepts chosen are: a) Managing Conflicts within Groups b) Multi-Party, Multi-issue Decision Making Framework In doingRead MoreEmployee Engagement : A Leading And Primary Source And Tool Of Competitive Advantage And Business Success Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pagessource and tool of competitive advantage and business success. Based on research conducted, engaged employees are recognised as being more productive than disengaged employees; thus leading to improved employee performance, increased workplace productivity and profitability, and ultimately, organisational success. The term employee engagement is primarily associated with the employee’s commitment to the objectives, goals and ultimate success of an organisation, exercised together with the enhancement

Essay about Lion and the Fox Metaphor in Machiavellis The...

Niccolà ² di Bernardo dei Machiavelli, The archetype man for politics in history. He was born on May 1469 and died June 1527. He is an Italian philosopher, thinker and writer. He was considered by many as one of the origin founders of political science in modern age. He was a diplomatic person, besides being a political philosopher, and musician. In Florentine Republic he used to be a civil servant. Then In 1498, he was elected as Secretary to the second Chancery of the Republic of Florence by the Great council. When I hear Renaissance, directly Leonardo Da Vinci comes up to my mind, as well as Machiavelli. He is known as an Icon of the Renaissance Man. He is most known for a political booklet The Prince; it is written on 1513, but not†¦show more content†¦Histories have seen many of those gigantic powers who have no mercy on human being, people who used the concept of Machiavelli. Our brain is not a machine and working with food, water and air, they are not all the same. E ach one is created in a way genetically and the initializes of someone’s life integrated. Thinking about and expressing meaning for the existences around is I different, so as this is happens, each one takes the prince’s ideology in their way. And I think most of who used it, beginning from the dictators and democratic reached a way, but for some lost the track and reached a dead-end, and for some reached the evaluation of their acts. According to the theory, every prince needs to be a lion for awhile, until he plants the fear seeds in them, and then he needs the fox to take care of the undertaking probabilities of reaching a wanted goal. The fact that many have denied it is to be fearful and lion like characteristics. But for the prince this is a theratere and shows the impression to the audience, until some of them lives and just the people stays who wanted to be there before the show starts. Now there must another way to get into those audiences mind and convince them with the conspiracy win it all. There is a limit where both sides of us meet, that would be turning point for some of us, or it can be the subliminal pivot where both personalities meet and fight against the outside world of self body territory. In the modern world the warfare andShow MoreRelatedMachiavelli The Prince Analysis873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the prince, Machiavelli explores a world of governments and presents the many different ways in which a ruler must adapt in order to run an efficient government. Machiavelli provides a number of applications in which a ruler can acquire and maintain the leading position of a government. While many of these applications are just and moral, there is no denying that some of the Machiavelli’s tactics are cruel and immoral. However, as we advance deep into the meaning behind Machiavelli’s choice ofRead MoreFortune And Power In Niccolo Machiavellis The Prince1901 Words   |  8 PagesPaper: Fortune and Power in The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli Niccolo Machiavelli wrote the novel, The Prince, which was meant as a gift to Lorenzo de Medici, a ruling member of the Medici family (Machiavelli, 1998). The novel addresses politics, but more over managerial skills on how a prince should rule his state. Machiavelli goes on to describe ways in which are best practices for a prince to rule and continue to be in power by using historical examples and using metaphors to authenticate his advicesRead MoreVladimir Putin and Machiavellis The Prince2685 Words   |  11 Pagesin Niccolà ² Machiavelli’s famous advisory book for rulers The Prince. Despite the fact that The Prince was first published in 1532 it is still relevant today, especially in analyzing the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia. Putin’s leadership style and actions make him a modern day Machiavellian prince. Many of the actions and polices taken by Putin are distinctly Machiavellian in nature. Putin’s foreign policy and behavior on the international sta ge parallels the key ideas of The Prince. Putin has

Upenn Supplement Essay Samples Help!

Upenn Supplement Essay Samples Help! The easiest way to think about a contribution, for the aims of this prompt, is to concentrate on ways your artist innovated, challenged or changed norms, or supported a continuing effort. Demonstrated interest is essential in the modern competitive admissions scene to stick out from the remainder of the pack. Of course, when you've conveyed a strong interest in one specific component of theater in another portion of your application, it may make sense to pick an artist who fits that interest. Therefore, make an effort not to neglect the world element of this prompt. If you're excited about going to school in nyc, make certain that you have a really specific reason that likewise ties to Columbia's opportunities. The strategic location of the University of Pennsylvania has made it simple for the institution to draw and retain fantastic professors. Unshockingly, given that Stanford has turned into the most difficult university to acquire into in the nation, this supplement is a doozie. Furthermore, University of Michigan's research program, one of the very best in the usa, will permit me to make discoveries and contributions as an undergraduate student. You can and ought to mention the specific school to which you're applying. The program also appears to have a vibrant undergrad community that you're able to write about. Maybe there's an internship or specific program that you just have access to through Columbia. Talk about research opportunities outside class. Demonstrating your understanding of the opportunities which make Penn unique is critical to completing UPenn's supplemental essay. There are lots of elements which make up a successful University of Pennsylvania application essay. There's no guarantee you will get into one, which means you need your general admissions essay to stand alone. A standard result can create a weak supplemental essay. To purchase essay online, you merely will need to fill in the application form and you'll get excellent work on the desired topic. He's produced a framework of things he would like you to think about as you compose an application essay. One of the absolute most important things to consider about this supplement, much like all supplements that lob a plethora of essays and short answer questions at you, is that every response is a chance to reveal something new about yourself to admissions. You must make the essay school-specific. If you believe the essay here is interesting, have a look at a few of the others. You will need to answer each essay prompt strongly if you'd like to get admitted to Columbia. As you write your very own supplemental essays, make sure to prevent common supplemental essay mistakes. Many schools request that you write about things you read, mentioning books more frequently than magazines. A financial course at the tenth grade is an excellent eye opener within the field of finance and management disciplines. Inside my experience, Quakers are genuinely delighted to respond to your questions whenever you have a shared interest. By way of example, I am thinking about a major in history, and am really interested in the mix of geographic and thematic regions of study provided by Duke's history program. AdmitSee has the greatest database of successful college application files to help you get through the admission season. Admission Essay Finance and management are disciplines that handle analysis and planning of financial resources that is an essential pillar in the growth of any nation. Saunders uses laser interferometry to analyze the growth of the middle-ear system, which is associated with the total procedure for hearing maturation and aging.

recycling plastic Essay Example For Students

recycling plastic Essay Plastics are durable, lightweight materials that were invented in 1909. They are normally made from oil and natural gas. Using plastics to replace packaging materials such as metal and glass has allowed manufacturers to make packages that are more efficient. For example to bottle eight gallons of a beverage would take only two pounds of plastic but would take three pounds of aluminum, eight pounds of steel and 27 pounds of glass. The light weight of plastic packaging helps reduce transportation costs. It takes fewer trucks to transport plastic compared to metal or other materials. Fewer trucks mean less fuel usage and therefore less air pollution from truck exhaust. recycling plastic Essay containers helps to conserve landfill space and natural resources and to cut down on pollution. Since the number of landfills continues to diminish, keeping plastic containers out of landfills is important. Plastics do not degrade in landfills. Therefore, containers you throw away will be taking up landfill space hundreds of years from now. Making plastic products from recycled plastic also reduces air and water pollution, and energy used for making plastics from raw materials. Recycled plastic is used to make products such as plastic lumber, toys, containers, carpet, fiber fill for jackets and flowerpots. There are over 1,500 products made with or packaged in recycled plastic. Such uses reduce natural resource consumption and pollution because fewer raw materials are required and less energy is needed to make recycled plastic products than to make plastic products entirely from raw materials. There are different kinds mixtures of resins that make thousands of types of plastics. Ink pens, car parts and plastic bags are all made from different resins. In order to recycle plastics, the different types must be kept separate. Therefore, plastic packages are coded to indicate the type of resin used to make them. The code numbers are found inside the chasing recycling arrows on the bottoms of containers. These numbers help you separate plastic containers for recycling collection or drop off. Uncoded plastics, such as plastic pipes, cannot be recycled but can be reused. Recycling is a six step process. First they must be cleaned and separated by the type of plastic and by color. The first step is the most important one in the process. Colored plastics cannot be mixed with clear plastics, and plastics with different code numbers cannot be mixed together. Mixing plastics can cause entire bales to be rejected and possibly to be sent to a landfill. They are then compacted and shipped off to the processing facility. Next they are shredded up into pieces and then melted together. Then they are molded back into new plastic products. Plastic containers must be rinsed, and lids and rings must be removed and thrown away. Removing lids and rings is critical, because they are made from different resins than the resins used to make containers. A few lids left on bottles or jugs can cause a bale of plastic to be rejected. Plastic is probably the most used prduct in world. There are thousands of different uses for plastic that are needed every single day. Every year more and more plastic products are being recycled. In 1995 Americans recycled only 9.5% of there plastics. In 1996 Americans recycled 22.1%of their plastic products. That 22. 1% was equal to 585,000 tons of plastic bottles. Today almost 64% of Americans recycle their plastic products which is over a hundred millions tons of plastics bottles. More and more people each year are getting in to the habit of recycling. Why shouldnt we, it doesnt cost us anything to take our plastic products to the recycling center. We all must do our part to save the earth while we still can. Only we can save our earth and we only have one chance at it. Critical thinking Essay Once we screw it up we can never go back. .

Creating an Entrepreneurial Spirit Through Culture free essay sample

This paper focuses on managing entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship in the family business context. Through strategic leadership, a strong vision, mission and culture, we will study how Qian Hu Corporation Limited has transited itself from a modest family run business into a successful ornamental fish business employing 700 personnel. We will examine business management variables such as ownership, business organisation and the decision making process, and how the leadership of Kenny Yap and his management team developed a small family business into one of the world’s largest suppliers of ornamental fish. This study is based on information obtained from articles, company annual reports and existing academic journals. MGMT 104 Group Case Study – Qian Hu Corporation Ltd Content 1. Company Profile 1. 1Vision 1. 2Mission Statement 2. Company Culture 2. 1Core Values 2. 2Strategic Thrusts 2. 3Culture 3. Operations 3. 1Business Model 3. 2Human Resources and Talent Management 3. 3Corporate Social Responsibility 4. Kenny Yap – The Entrepreneur 4. 1 Profile and Background 4. 2 Instilling a mindset of change 4. 3 Going Public 4. 4 Embracing Technology and Change 4. Creating an entrepreneurial culture 4. 6 Learning from mistakes 4. 7 The Business Challenges 5. Management 5. 1 Decision Making Process 6. Family Run Business 6. 1 Problems 6. 2 Solutions from Qian Hu’s Perspective 7. References and Appendices 1 MGMT 104 Group Case Study – Qian Hu Corporation Ltd 1. Company Profile Qian Hu Corporation Ltd is a leading exporter of ornamental fish, contributing about 14% to Singapore’s total ornamental fish export. Together with other local farms, Singapore supplies more than 30% of the world’s aquarium fish. They have export links to more than 75 countries worldwide and the company ships about half a million fish per month from a variety of over 1,000 ornamental fish species. The company employs about 700 employees. 1. 1 Vision Qian Hu has adopted 4 vision objectives. 1. To be a world number one ornamental fish exporter, supplying 60% to 70% of world market. 2. To own the largest number of pet chain store in Asia by 2008. 3. To be the top 3 manufacturers of aquarium accessories in China by 2008. 4. To be the most profitable Dragon Fish Breeder in the region. 1. Mission Statement â€Å"To be the world biggest Ornamental Fish and Aquarium and Pet Accessories provider through innovative and Quality Products and Services. † 2. Company Culture Qian Hu is a company that is highly customer centric, and they will export its products and services to any place in the world as long as there is appropriate flight access and distribution infrastructure. The company does not distinguish between individual or retailer/wholesaler customers and they strive to maintain long-term distribution relationships, however large or minute the dealings. In all of their business dealings, Qian Hu aims for quality, timeliness, varieties, value for money and competent product knowledge. The company acknowledges that their competitive success has been due to their customer centric business and strong design capabilities, good quality, workmanship and competitive pricing. Innovative and continual improvements to their product design, breeding better arowana species and sourcing new fish species has been critical to sustaining their competitive advantage. Lastly, they recognise that leveraging on innovation and technology will improve their efficiency on procedures and services. 2 MGMT 104 Group Case Study – Qian Hu Corporation Ltd 2. 1 Core Values The company core values are Integrity, Value Creation, Entrepreneurship and Teamwork. 2. 2 Strategic Thrusts The strategic thrusts that the company has identified to keep them ahead of their competitors are: ? ? ? ? Customer Focus People Experience Quality Excellence Financial Strength 2. 3 Culture The company culture has been highly influenced by its chairman nd Managing Director, Mr Kenny Yap. Entrepreneurial leadership, incorporating the best in both management and knowledge governance practices are values he brings to the company. The essential components of Qian Hu’s business culture are belief in values such as hard work, employee welfare, family cohesion and skilful change leadership. The organisational culture at Qian Hu has evolved from a â€Å"family values† c entric one to one which encompasses more professional practices by instituting best employer practices. Appropriate measures are adopted to encourage value creation, entrepreneurship, organisational culture and the training and development of its employees. However the company recognises that for effective change management to take place, it is imperative to retain some elements of the family culture. The company also differentiates itself form its competitors through a high quality service culture and the use of technology. Qian Hu places high importance on product knowledge and training, and ensures that each of their sales staff is competent in their product knowledge. QIan Hu is differentiated from the rest of the competition in terms of tis integrated services, brand, distribution network, manufacturing capabilities, and most importantly, its quality, innovation and service culture throughout the Group. † – Qian Hu’s total value chain 3 MGMT 104 Group Case Study – Qian Hu Corporation Ltd 3. Operations Qian Hu Corporation Limited has offices and subsidiar ies in 4 countries, including Singapore, Malaysia, China and Thailand. Together, they are involved in 4 types of businesses: Ornamental Fish, Arowanas, Aquarium and Pet Accessories and Plastic Bags. The organization has a proportionately diversified workforce with 49% below the age of 30, and a third of its employees are from Malaysia. Qian Hu joined the Employee Alliance (EA) 1 in 2006 and the company regularly participates in workshops, knowledge-exchanges and industry related events. The EA also provides a network of CEO-advocates that provides peer-to-peer outreach. As an EA member, Qian Hu has embarked and actively encouraged other organizations to understand the importance of integrating Work-Life initiatives into their people management. Its chairman and managing director, Kenny Yap, believes that building Work-Life values into the corporate culture is crucial. Major benefits of a Work-Life harmony for Qian 1 EA is a local association established to spearhead the adoption of Work-Life practices and make organizations aware of the business benefits in implementing Work-Life strategies 5 MGMT 104 Group Case Study – Qian Hu Corporation Ltd Hu include low staff turnover. Staff turnover is lower than the national average and the industry trends, and Yap recognizes that the key to managing turnover is employee recognition and appreciation. Some of Qian Hu‘s Work-Life initiatives include allowing employees to work parttime during crucial periods such as when employees need to prepare their children for major exams such as the Primary School Leaving Examinations (PSLE) or Singapore-Cambridge GCE ‘O’ and ‘A’ Level Examinations, providing Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) for their salespeople to help them better manage their time, and enabling senior employees to work beyond the statutory retirement age. â€Å"Being an SME is an advantage because you can easily and quickly build a Work-Life culture. The small size allows us to be close-knit, informal and flexible. In Qian Hu, we treat each employee as a family member with love and mutual respect. I believe Work-Life strategy helps us create that conducive environment where employees can feel at ease and perform at their best. † – Kenny Yap, Chairman and Managing Director, Qian Hu Corporation Ltd Senior management is highly involved in communicating Qian Hu’s vision, missions and values and this is achieved through the flat hierarchical structure. Senior management regularly holds informal tea meetings with their staff, walk-abouts, and creating employee focus groups for feedback. The organization has developed and established human resource strategies derived from the environment, labor laws and practices, needs of the workforce, and business sector and management inputs. The objectives of such strategies are aimed at being a competitive employer, having a proactive learning and thinking workforce, and to nurture a family culture environment. Human resource practices at Qian Hu aim to fulfill five criteria; Manpower Planning and Staffing, Employee Involvement and Commitment, Training and Development, Employee Health and Satisfaction, and Performance Management and Recognition. Implementation of plans and subsequent reviews are done through meetings with line managers and senior management. The organization intensively studies best practices of other leading people-centric organizations in order to adopt relevant strategies for value creation, 6 MGMT 104 Group Case Study – Qian Hu Corporation Ltd entrepreneurship, organizational culture, people development and compensation. Organization models that they try to emulate include Robinsons, Development Bank of Singapore (DBS), and Philips Singapore, all of which have managed to generate high value creation and business performance through their human resource practices. Qian Hu’s senior managers also attend bi-monthly information sharing sessions and best practices seminars to understand more about people development trends. Qian Hu’s performance management system integrates organizational values and functions to reinforce positive behaviors and practices. Variables include on the job performance indicators, participation and contribution towards innovation, quality and team activities and expression of the Qian Hu culture. The appraisal would then affect the salary increment and annual bonus. The flexible bonus system is tied in to profit performance, while flexible wage issues are constantly being improved. In order to ensure that the performance and recognition systems are effective, Qian Hu’s senior management, HR team and line managers review the performance and recognition systems in the company regularly. A variety of formal mechanisms such as management review sessions, employee opinion surveys (EOS), 360 degree feedback, performance achievement, third party feedback, and turnover statistics are used which enhances job satisfaction, performance and employee involvement. Target set for EOS satisfaction level is a minimum level of 90%. The organization’s Total Learning Plan is reviewed based on training effectiveness, system relevancy and the impact on business results. Training Needs Analysis (TNA) is conducted based on inputs from departmental supervisors, annual performance appraisal and Qian Hu’s internally designed executives and non-executive competency matrix. While overall average training per staff has been on a constant gradual increase, staff turnover has fallen with the execution of Qian Hu’s various HR strategies. The Employee Involvement Framework also involves the establishment of a Staff Participation Committee which is placed in-charge of leadership involvement, rewards and recognition, communication and training and development. The initiative resulted in the implementation of numerous creative ideas organizationalwide which played a significant role in driving overall business performance. The HR department plays a crucial role in championing a majority of the initiatives that helped engaged and involve employees. Examples include a Staff Suggestion 7 MGMT 104 Group Case Study – Qian Hu Corporation Ltd Scheme to encourage ideas for improvement from individual employees, Community Projects comprising of home visits and donations to help promote compassion and obligations of being good corporate citizens, and Staff Dialogue Sessions to promote two-way communications and bonding within employees, as well as between the management and non-management staff. Finally, to ensure that Qian Hu’s people management strategy supports business objectives, Kenny implemented a performance reward system together with his brother Andy, who was the previous HR director. In 2003, Andy handed the HR function to their HR manager, Raymond Yip. Staff performance is appraised on a 20criterion scale whereby staff receives points whenever they achieve the criteria. 3. 3 Corporate Social Responsibility Qian Hu has always believed that â€Å"all lives should be cherished and treasured† and has in place processes and initiatives to â€Å"walk the talk†. The company adopts a 3pronged approach to contribute; the environment, the community, and the business community. Environmental preservation Qian Hu currently uses an ISO-14001 certified environment management system where rainwater is recycled to be used to irrigate all of its farms. In addition, any waste produced by their fish is treated first before being released. Qian Hu personnel are trained to reuse and recycle any reusable items, from small items like rubber bands, cups and plastic bags, to larger industrial equipment like Styrofoam containers and packaging boxes. Giving back to the community Qian Hu believes in giving back to the underprivileged, and has an annual fund raising event for the elderly. The company matches dollar for dollar at these events to show and pledge their sincerity. Also Qian Hu conducts free tours of its facilities for underprivileged students, as well as sponsoring overseas internships for a few talented students. Additionally, Qian Hu is strong supporter in the Speak Mandarin Campaign. 8 MGMT 104 Group Case Study – Qian Hu Corporation Ltd The Business Community Qian Hu is committed to increasing the knowledge of ornamental fish breeders on techniques in fish breeding and care. The company organises talks on the subject regularly, and many can pick up a trick or two by visiting their facilities. In addition, Qian Hu is committed to developing young entrepreneurs and its CEO, Mr. Kenny Yap, is constantly open to talks and interviews. He is a regular speaker at SMU’s Lee Kong Chian Scholar’s Program dialogues, and often shares his success story. 4. Kenny Yap – The Entrepreneur 4. 1 Profile and Background When Kenny was seven, he bought a gold fish that cost 50 cents. Some of his brothers laughed at him when he brought the fish home because the gold fish had a broken tail. But to Kenny, his brothers’ opinions were immaterial as he thought it was a good fish. The recipient of the 2003 Ernst Youngs Services Entrepreneur of The Year Award now realizes how important such a trait is for an entrepreneur – to not be easily swayed by the opinions of others. His belief is that â€Å"as long as we can live up to our own conscience, we need not seek approval from others. Being the youngest of seven sons in the family, Kenny had the privilege of going abroad to study in Ohio State University, and obtained a first class honours in Business Administration. His elder brothers, on the contrary, had to help out at the guppy farm then. In 1989, a thunderstorm wiped out the farm’s entire stock of guppies and the Yap family had to start over. After returning from the United States, Kenny was appointed by his family to head the business in 1994. Having a degree was not equivalent to hands-on experience in the family business, and Kenny had to work his way through to gain credibility among his siblings. Together with his four brothers and two cousins, they teamed up to turn around the business and renamed the company â€Å"Qian Hu†, which means â€Å"a thousand lakes† in mandarin. Today, Kenny Yap is Executive Chairman Group Managing Director of Qian Hu Corporation Ltd, Singapore’s first integrated ornamental fish service provider as a breeder, distributor, manufacturer and retailer, Qian Hu has come a long way from being a medium sized enterprise to becoming a public-listed company with export links to more than 75 countries globally. 9 MGMT 104 Group Case Study – Qian Hu Corporation Ltd 4. 2 Instilling a mindset of Change Kenny’s education in business administration at a American university led him to have different perspectives in running a business and he went on to explore new management concepts such as customer relationship management and ISO quality certification. Several organizational reforms have taken place under Kenny’s leadership such as the Strategic Business Planning exercise in 1997, Corporate Restructuring in 1998 and the National Cost of Quality Program in 1999. The objectives of these programs were to work towards business excellence and diversify both products and export markets. Kenny also initiated other change measures such as implementing technological processes, modifying the organizational structure and human resources management, to support the firm’s strategic direction. These concepts and programs were rather new to managers of small and medium-sized enterprises, but Kenny capitalized on the first-mover advantage and successfully led Qian Hu through this transition process. 4. Going Public Yap’s entrepreneurial spirit wanted to prove to the world that the ornamental fish breeding business could be a thriving and profitable industry. In November 2000, Qian Hu launched its IPO and was listed on the Singapore Exchange. In preparing for the IPO, Kenny’s greatest challenge was in persuading his family members to change their mentality from that of a private limited company to a public listed company, a corporate st ructure in which management was separate from the owners. Previously, he also had to change their mindset that they were going to be a private limited company nd no longer a family partnership entity. Yap said that one of the main reasons for his push for the IPO was to keep his siblings’ children from taking over the company, as well as forcing Qian Hu to adhere to transparent business practices. One of the biggest changes of becoming a listed corporation was that the business had an additional group of stakeholders to manage – the shareholders. Voting rights had become more diluted, and decision-making could prove to be a difficult process as both the shareholders’ interests and the company’s business had to be considered. . 4 Embracing Technology and Change The first step after taking over the business was to convey the message that the company was a separate entity from the family members. This was crucial so as to 10 MGMT 104 Group Case Study – Qian Hu Corporation Ltd develop a management structure that supports the execution of company strategies. Everyone had to be responsible for the performance and welfare of others, if they wanted to bring relatives in to work for the organization. Kenny capitalized on advanced technological processes to build the fish farm’s infrastructure. Qian Hu adopted high-tech farming methods, such as a temperature controlled packinghouse, computerized system of trading records and a laboratory for fish examination and water analysis. Specialized equipment helped to increase operational efficiency, and a mobile distribution management system (DMS) helped streamline sales processes and enhance the time spent with customers. Qian Hu also began leveraging on mobile IT system in 2003 to manage its customer accounts and distribution. Over time, Qian Hu realized that the system was not able to manage the increasingly complicated business and customer expectations. Sales orders for stock code that were previously not captured in the mobile system had to be filled out by hand, resulting in billing delays and manual re-entering of data into the accounting system. There was an established discount structure, but the system was unable to compute customer discounts accordingly and the van-sales representatives had to constantly refer back to a printed price list, which defeated the purpose of the technology. With the new MEVO Mobile DMS, the van-sales team was able to meet customer needs in real time and no longer be immersed in paperwork rone to human error. Qian Hu’s investments in research and development have aggressively propelled its success in manufacturing plastic bags, which are used to pack ornamental fish for sale. Qian Hu spent more than S$200,000 and developed the world’s first automated packaging machine for ornamental fish. The machine increased output as much as 80% and reduced the amount of labour by 66%. Kenny embrace d the Western corporate structure by delineating roles and responsibilities for each family member. This caused tension among his siblings, since Chinese family enterprises seldom trust outsiders (see Family Run Business – Problems). But Kenny made a bold step to hire managers that were non-relatives. Through changing the familial mindsets of his family members, Kenny was able to transform Qian Hu from a traditionally run family business, into a world class player in the regional aquarium fish market. 11 MGMT 104 Group Case Study – Qian Hu Corporation Ltd Qian Hu, like any other business, also faces the challenge of attracting, developing and retaining talent. The lack of financial resources means that Qian Hu can only differentiate itself by its organizational culture and HR practices, so that employees can be motivated to provide good quality products and services. While the compensation may not be as attractive, Qian Hu can be an employer of choice by having a transparent and equitable corporate culture, a compassionate working environment, and open communication channels for everyone to have direct interaction. A strong management team serves more than just a differentiating factor for Qian Hu, but also ensure that the organization is responsive to a changing environment. . 5 Creating an Entrepreneurial Culture Yap is a prominent entrepreneur in Singapore and was recently appointed by National Youth Council as the Chairman of the Youth Award (Entrepreneurship) Committee. Business Week also voted him as one of the 50 Stars of Asia in 2001. Qian Hus role in establishing Singapore as the ornamental fish capital of the world has distinguis hed Yap to be a remarkable business leader in the Chinese market. He feels that leadership stems from being able to trust one’s employees and being able to delegate. Yap also cautions that delegation comes with responsibility. Far from being the typical authoritarian leader whose power revolves around a patriarchal founder, Yap strongly encourages his employees to make suggestions. This is done through employee opinion surveys (EOS), third party feedback, and employee involvement. Be it during their monthly meetings, informal gatherings, recreational activities or formal employee opinion surveys, he likes to ask his employees to think about new ways of doing things. He aspires for Qian Hu to be a thinking organization, like General Electric and Citibank, one that sustains growth and is able to keep pace with changes. Yap hopes that both the young and old can learn from each other. While youths have novel ideas and can create new trends, the veterans possess a wealth of wisdom and experience. Old ideas can be new again, and new ideas should contain old truths. All employees who work for the company must be interested in tropical fish, because they need to understand the company’s products in order to manage operations well. As for top management, Qian Hu offers more than just a career, but also a vision of what they managers want to achieve in their own lives. Kenny 12 MGMT 104 Group Case Study – Qian Hu Corporation Ltd places significant attention on a strong company culture and a good management system, because employees will stay on with the company if they perceive themselves to be treated fairly and share a common vision with the company. Kenny developed a performance reward system so that the highest achievers can rewarded accordingly, symbolically as well as financially. Entrepreneurship is one of the four core values of integrity in Qian Hu. This comes about from creating a unique organizational culture and is expressed in the HR handbook, which includes the corporate vision, mission, values and strategy. What Kenny has done in Qian Hu was to put a human face to the corporate culture and transmit and instil it in the organisation. 4. 6 Learning from Mistakes The road to success was not without failures. In 1989, after the flood washout, the Yap family tried to rear high-fin loaches. This breed of fish was a popular fish during that time, but competence in that breed of fish was inadequate. Vibrations from the power tools used to install new fish tanks killed 4,000 four-inch high fin loaches, worth a total of $270,000. The company learnt that they needed to know their products well and the importance of risk diversification. This lesson proved to be so valuable that the high-fin loach is now the mascot of Qian Hu. 4. 7 The Business Challenge When a customer spends $1 on fish, he typically spends another $5 on accessories. Qian Hu has identified the accessories business to be a potential driver of the business growth strategy. They established a joint-venture in Guangzhou, set up a new subsidiary in Thailand and a new fish division in Malaysia. Despite setting up these manufacturing bases to gain access to low cost and human capital resources, low barriers to entry in the fish accessories industry has seen new entrants fighting for market share, causing Qian Hu’s profit margin to fall 8. 9% in 2003. 5. Management The primary figures who make up Qian Hu’s Management team are Kenny Yap Kim Lee, the Executive Chairman and Managing Director, Alvin Yap Ah Seng, Deputy Managing Director, Andy Yap Ah Siong, Deputy Managing Director and Teo Boon Hock, the General Manager. The Management’s key responsibilities revolve around the day-to-day running of the Group as a whole, and providing the Board of 13 MGMT 104 Group Case Study – Qian Hu Corporation Ltd Directors with a continual flow of relevant information on a timely basis so that it may effectively discharge its duties. On a monthly basis, Management furnishes the Board with up-to-date financial reports and other information on the Group’s performance for effective monitoring and decision-making. Qian Hu Corporation’s Management also works closely with the Audit Committee (â€Å"AC†) in evaluating the adequacy of internal control systems of the company and holds discussions with the AC concerning the significant internal audit observations, together with the management’s responses and actions to correct any deficiencies. The Group’s Executive Chairman and Managing Director, Mr.Kenny Yap, plays a vital role in the development of the Group’s business and provides the group with strong leadership and vision. In addition to the day-to-day running of the Qian Hu Corporation, he also serves to ensure that all members of the Board of Directors and Management work well together with integrity and competency so as to achieve the greatest amount of success for the Group. His responsibilities include setting guidelines on quality, quantity, accurateness and timeliness of information flow between the Board, Management and shareholders of the company.