Relationships between learning disabilities and the impact of Dissertation

Relationships between learning disabilities and the impact of behavioral disorders on standard experiences - Dissertation Example Is it possible to make an economic case for the value of government intervention in this regard? There is considerable evidence that a lesser investment will reliably produce lesser results in terms of education. (Inman, 1986). The time to start educational assistance for those with special needs is in their youth. A variety of studies indicate a principle of diminishing returns for efforts made to educate any useful job skills fully formed adults both academically and for a specific vocation. (Furstenberg, 1987) those with physical disabilities may still prove to be intellectually quite proficient. They may even rely more upon intellect than physical activity, and may be able to develop their intellectual acumen even further than the general population. If given special needs support in early childhood. Even those with mental disabilities may still grow into productive citizens if the nonfunctional can be taught to function by trained, competent specialists committed to the outcome of special education. DISCUSSION In terms of educational policy; a vital research question becomes: Should Learning Disabled and Behavioral challenged students be excluded from classes with baseline students? The challenges for these children are numerous, there are many reasons why children experiencing learning disabilities might fail in school, far beyond merely the obvious. When a child perceives him or herself as being mentally deficient/learning disabled the potential for great insecurity develops. School in general may seem painful, an embarrassing waste of time and venue for potential bullying and the degradation of the students self-worth. It is a daunting obstacle; how to focus on learning, if you were such a student – labeled and ridiculed for what it seems you have no control over. Often times, measures used in the past to give these students focused attention; placing them in segregated units, or separate institutions all together unintentionally exacerbated the problem. It makes sense to give extra attention to the learning disabled; and one might logically conclude that this attention should take place within a place all their own. But this natural exclusionary tendency towards those with behavioral, or intellectual disabilities can become a disservice, as will be demonstrated later. The findings of several researchers demonstrate how behavioral problems will disrupt the already unfavorable prospects of the learning disabled. It is worthwhile to specify the definitions of learning disabilities. Although a precision diagnosis and prognosis may not be consistent, there are warning signs that signify disability: Difficulty in learning the alphabet Poor reading comprehension Frequent mistakes when reading aloud Spelling difficulty Inability to express thoughts by writing Late language acquisition Lack of comprehension of humor, or satire Mispronunciation Confusion with written numbers Confusion with the sequence of a story (Medinenet.com, 201 1) In essence, the typical tasks that are begun upon entrance to the public school system are those the learning disabled are most challenged by. A true disability must be diagnosed with care; in past generations, so-called intelligence tests might simply measure cultural references, biasing them against other ethnicities and cultures. (Dove, 1971) An

The Marketing Strategies and Competitive Advantage Assignment

The Marketing Strategies and Competitive Advantage - Assignment Example The inter-brand differentials while volume-based sales (10 pounds of Product each week) are given 10% of retail price while below it have 7% share making the intra brand competitions more acute.   The marketing strategies are formulated by a business to achieve its business objectives in a specific market. Thackeray et al. (2008) suggest that the marketing strategies are designed to increase sales, and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage for itself. The marketing strategies of Candy Flake and its extension of Chocofill are existent in the north east markets of US with a growing potential in southern Canadian markets. Therefore the marketing strategies for the business are developed in accordance with these markets where the business also keeps the scope of e-commerce sales in the international market open. Talke & Hultink (2010) suggests that the tasks and achievements of a strategy are based out of measured outcomes over a multiyear period with specific actions and tactical plans. The brands mission and vision statements are kept in mind while designing the plan. The objective of the business is to operate and fulfil the visions that have been set forth for itself. Further, Hallback & Gabrielsson (2013) argues that the marketing strategies are based on market dominance plans of the brand, where each phase of business includes different elements in its strategy formulation. The product of Candy Flake is been launched in the market and is in a primary phase of its business life cycle. Therefore the launching strategies would include the branding, pricing and distribution plans. The brand is the name of a product offered which implies a certain values and offerings to the market (Mishra, 2012). The mission of Candy Flake suggests the business wants to project as the major stakeholder in the US and Canada market and reap the benefits from the candy industry for next 5 years. The launching of the product have the objectives of creating an identity for itself.

Paediatric Trauma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Paediatric Trauma - Essay Example Details of the case are presented in this paper as well as the proper medical management of this case base on the paramedical standard of paediatric trauma protocol and other reliable sources, utilising theories and related literatures significant in this study to convey a realistic and valid approach of management. Description of the Scene At 08:49, an accident was reported involving a 9-year-old boy, named Martin, who has been hit by a car travelling approximately 30 kilometres an hour whilst crossing the road on his bicycle. On the scene, the boy is conscious with some respiratory distress 10 minutes after the incident. His left leg appears to be deformed, more likely associated to fractured tibia, fibula, or both. A man holding the boy’s helmeted head, maintaining spinal alignment and who claimed that he is the driver of the car and a trained first aider, said that Martin complained about tightness in his chest and that he has asthma. Paediatric Trauma To start with, it is important to emphasize that the term â€Å"trauma† is being used in this study according to its medical definition as a serious or critical bodily injury, wound or shock (MedicineNet.com, 2011). Trauma is the leading cause of childhood mortality because after the age of 5 years, rapid neuromuscular development, frequent social interactions with other children, wider range of activities, and less parental supervision predisposes them to greater risk. Paediatric trauma is more difficult to handle than in adults as presented in Staheli’s (2003, pp. 105-107) ‘Pediatric Orthopaedic Secrets’ book of the contributions made by Dr. Cummings about child versus adult trauma management: Details about the child’s injury will be difficult to gather if the trauma was not witnessed by an adult; assessment is difficult to establish as children frequently resist examination. Trauma causes more death and injury in children than in adults and unintentional injury caus ing blunt trauma is more common to children. Between 30% to 70% of trauma deaths in children are due to head injury because anatomically, children’s head is larger in proportion to the body than in adults and their neck muscles are weaker, thus the cervical spine is more susceptible to injury; their skulls are thinner, and scalps are more vascular than those of adults. Children’s liver and spleen are larger relative to their size than in adults, making them prone to hemorrhage due to intra-abdominal injury. Children are more prone to hypothermia due to higher body surface-to-mass ratio, their skin is thinner and they have smaller stored fats compared to adults. Children cannot be relied on when it comes to immobilization required in fracture healing during recovery as they tend to resume normal activity (if unattended) once they do not feel pain anymore. Assessment of Paediatric Trauma At the moment the health care provider reaches the scene, it is a standard operating procedure that he/she will introduce himself/herself in the crowd while conducting the primary survey and clearing the site for potential harm. Assessment of paediatric trauma in pre-hospital setting should be done rapidly to make sure that the injured child will be transported right away to the nearest facility where in-depth assessment, management, and treatment shall be given. In the pre-hospital setting, the rapid assessment and preparation includes: (1) minimizing scene time, (2) controlling external bleeding and shock, (3) immobilization, (4) immediate transport to the closest appropriate facility, (5) obtaining information from the handover, (6) assessment for level of consciousness, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, revised trauma score, and paediatric trauma score, (7)

Nursing Education System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Education System - Assignment Example According to Chen (1996, pp. 129-149), the first collegiate nursing program was started by Peking Union Medical College (PUMC). This was a five-year program established in 1920. The first secondary level nursing school was established in 1930. The PUMC program remained the only tertiary program in Chinese education until 1952 when the communist government restructured the education system to accommodate the higher education system. However, the political upheavals delayed the implementation of the higher education program until 1980s (Xu et al., 2000, p. 208). Nursing education in Poland was established later than in China, i.e. 1911 (Sztembis, 2006, p. 102). However, the development rate of nursing education in Poland was faster compared to that of China. Polish nursing education ceased in 1914 with the rise of the First World War (Sztembis, 2006, p. 102). According to Wolska-Lipiec (1987, p. 42), most of the teachers and graduates of the school joined the military to train the soci ety on the modalities of caring for the wounded and participating in the civil sanitation. Secondary education in nursing was introduced in 1960s, while the university-based programs were introduced in 1980s (Sztembis, 2006, p. 104). Government and Nursing Organizations Influencing Nursing Education: Comparison of Poland and China. Nursing education in China was predominantly influenced by the missionaries (Xu et al, 2000, p. 207). The horizon for the Chinese health care has been expanded by programs such as the WHO collaborating center in Nursing and Midwifery, Heart to Heart and the Project Hope which have been sponsored by the government and other non-governmental organizations (Xu et al, 2000, p. 208). The prominent source of financial support is China’s Medical Board (CMB), which is an offshoot of Rockefeller Foundation (Xu et al., 2000, p. 212). CMB provides resources for faculty training, purchasing the reading materials and capacity building. In Poland, the programs a imed at preparing women for care of patients were funded by the collaboration of the American Red Cross and Rockefeller Foundation (Sztembis, 2006, p. 103). The Polish Nursing Association undertook the process of redesigning nursing through seeking support from the politicians and leaders. The 1990s witnessed the establishment of the Independent Nursing Section in the Ministry of Health which later culminated into the Department of Nursing. The self-governing body of Polish nurses, i.e. Nursing Chambers, acts as the formal representation of the nurses at the national level. Current System of Nursing Education: Comparison of Poland and China The Chinese system requires a candidate to go through the secondary nursing programs; Zhuake programs, which are equivalent to the associate degree programs in the U.S., and Baccalaureate programs for them to be registered nurses (Xu et al., 2000, p. 209). The secondary nursing program acts as a basic academic unit of a nursing school. The second ary nursing programs occur in two forms; the first, which enrolls high school graduates and a second that admits the middle and junior high school graduates. Post secondary nursing program in China has three levels: Baccalaureate, Zhuanke and Graduate (Xu et al., 2000,

Paediatric Trauma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Paediatric Trauma - Essay Example Details of the case are presented in this paper as well as the proper medical management of this case base on the paramedical standard of paediatric trauma protocol and other reliable sources, utilising theories and related literatures significant in this study to convey a realistic and valid approach of management. Description of the Scene At 08:49, an accident was reported involving a 9-year-old boy, named Martin, who has been hit by a car travelling approximately 30 kilometres an hour whilst crossing the road on his bicycle. On the scene, the boy is conscious with some respiratory distress 10 minutes after the incident. His left leg appears to be deformed, more likely associated to fractured tibia, fibula, or both. A man holding the boy’s helmeted head, maintaining spinal alignment and who claimed that he is the driver of the car and a trained first aider, said that Martin complained about tightness in his chest and that he has asthma. Paediatric Trauma To start with, it is important to emphasize that the term â€Å"trauma† is being used in this study according to its medical definition as a serious or critical bodily injury, wound or shock (MedicineNet.com, 2011). Trauma is the leading cause of childhood mortality because after the age of 5 years, rapid neuromuscular development, frequent social interactions with other children, wider range of activities, and less parental supervision predisposes them to greater risk. Paediatric trauma is more difficult to handle than in adults as presented in Staheli’s (2003, pp. 105-107) ‘Pediatric Orthopaedic Secrets’ book of the contributions made by Dr. Cummings about child versus adult trauma management: Details about the child’s injury will be difficult to gather if the trauma was not witnessed by an adult; assessment is difficult to establish as children frequently resist examination. Trauma causes more death and injury in children than in adults and unintentional injury caus ing blunt trauma is more common to children. Between 30% to 70% of trauma deaths in children are due to head injury because anatomically, children’s head is larger in proportion to the body than in adults and their neck muscles are weaker, thus the cervical spine is more susceptible to injury; their skulls are thinner, and scalps are more vascular than those of adults. Children’s liver and spleen are larger relative to their size than in adults, making them prone to hemorrhage due to intra-abdominal injury. Children are more prone to hypothermia due to higher body surface-to-mass ratio, their skin is thinner and they have smaller stored fats compared to adults. Children cannot be relied on when it comes to immobilization required in fracture healing during recovery as they tend to resume normal activity (if unattended) once they do not feel pain anymore. Assessment of Paediatric Trauma At the moment the health care provider reaches the scene, it is a standard operating procedure that he/she will introduce himself/herself in the crowd while conducting the primary survey and clearing the site for potential harm. Assessment of paediatric trauma in pre-hospital setting should be done rapidly to make sure that the injured child will be transported right away to the nearest facility where in-depth assessment, management, and treatment shall be given. In the pre-hospital setting, the rapid assessment and preparation includes: (1) minimizing scene time, (2) controlling external bleeding and shock, (3) immobilization, (4) immediate transport to the closest appropriate facility, (5) obtaining information from the handover, (6) assessment for level of consciousness, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, revised trauma score, and paediatric trauma score, (7)

What Can We Learn about Managemet Today from Exanining Its Historical Essay

What Can We Learn about Managemet Today from Exanining Its Historical Foundations - Essay Example Scientific management theory or classical management theory has its roots from the beginning and which later give birth to behavioral management theory. In scientific theory the focus is on how to increase productivity and efficiency. In order to find the best way to manage workers or employees managers will apply scientific solutions, such as training employees to a specific task to gain organizational goals. This approach only focuses on achieving results and getting productivity ignoring the motivation and will of the workers (Hartness, 47). The major contribution on this approach was put forward by Frederick Taylor also known as the father of scientific management (Kanigel, 8-9). American engineer named Frederick Winslow Taylor published â€Å"THE PRINCIPLE OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT â€Å"in 1911 was amongst the first modern management publisher inspired by the rise of industrial age (Beissinger, 19). Taylor believed managing people is a science (Taylor, 12). He tried to make ma nagers think of their employees as specialized replaceable components. He emphasizes on directing employees effectively on work more precisely can give the maximum security and success for employer (Aitken, 32). Behavioral management theory on the other hand focuses on how employees will work and how employers could manage the employees in conducting of work in an organizational setting. Its prime concern is employee behavior and expectations and involves the motivation factor which was ignored by scientific approach. During the development of behavioral management theory, a scientist named Elton Mayo conducted an experiment which proved that increasing human motivation and satisfaction will give good amount of productivity. Elton Mayo’s contributions came as a...Furthermore the essay will elaborate scientific school of thought under the working of Fredrick Winslow Taylor who believes employees are machines. Secondly behavioral school of thought will be discussed as per Elton Mayo’s experiments and findings regarding how productivity can be achieved if workers are inclined towards motivation. The work of Abraham Maslow in hierarchy of needs will be discussed and finally the work done by Sun Tzu in terms of behavioral approach will finally be put into consideration. In section two the essay will highlight the core issue regarding continuities and connections between the different stages of management how they are transformed and modified by different people at different era’s and how they were in practices. Furthermore in section two the essay will discuss a problem that has been dominant throughout and its solution given by Fredrick, Maslow and Mayo. Finally then some suggestion and recommendation will be discussed on how the problem can be solved and rectified and what necessary measures should be taken in order to achieve the desired goals.Productivity has always remained a problem for years and the managers of every era have been focusi ng on different techniques to improve the productivity. Some have worked whereas some have not.

Butterflies, by Ian McEwan

Butterflies, by Ian McEwan In their short stories Butterflies, Lamb to the slaughter, The Whole Towns Sleeping and The Pedestrian, Ian McEwan, Roald Dahl and Ray Bradbury create strong feelings of fear and suspense which ultimately lead to death in each story. Discuss these featured in the short stories we have studied. The story Butterflies by Ian McEwan is about an individual is devoid of all emotion, who is also isolated person (maybe because of his look: his chin and his neck are the same thing and he himself thinks he looks grotesque) he takes a walk. A little girl follows him. It was for him a strange thing because he did not have any friends to talk to. He desperately needed affection and in order to keep her close he buys her a doll and ice cream. He lies her saying that at the canal there are boats and butterflies. So the title butterflies is the lure used to take the little girl at the canal. There he abuses her and then he drowns her. I was particularly attracted to this story because of the unusual yet quite sinister way suspense is built up throughout the text. McEwan achieves this by the use of short descriptive sentences; these slow us down and make us feel as if we are an omnipresent being viewing the story as it unfolds. The action takes place in England on Thursday and Sunday. The next text Lamb To The Slaughter utilises descriptive writing right from the opening to massage our senses to the extent we feel we are woven into the story, our minds eye sees everything that needs to be seen, this helps to clearly portray the obvious use of black humour the image of a merry house wife suddenly smashing a frozen leg of lamb meant for dinner over her husbands head is comical in a sinister way. While in Butterflies the opposite is true. The name of the text, suggests something to do with a lamb being slaughtered with is common practice in farms however the phrase can also mean, unaware of any impending catastrophe which when we read on we find out Mr Maloney wasnt aware of himself being in harms way the same is also true for Miss Maloney wasnt aware she would be committing murder she was said to be in shock, Helped bring her out of shock (141). Roald Dahl almost rewards the reader half way through the story with the meaning of the title which we find out is befitti ng after all. The whole towns sleeping employs the use of subtle irony right from the start the title suggests to us that the town is sleeping which they are, its night time but the lonely one is out and the town is oblivious to this fact, Situational irony is also used the reader would become lead to believe that she might come to harm in the woods and when she gets home she will be safe however this is not the case The final text The Pedestrian, the title isnt very exciting it sounds run of the mill, doing this lures us into a false sense of security we dont expect much however out breath is taken by the beautiful way Ray Bradbury starts the piece and our attention is captured. Like Butterflies the writer wants us to savour each sentence and hang of every word so they slow us down therefore building suspense in The Pedestrian this is done with the use of commas. In all of these stories someone is in danger and in two of the stories someone is killed, the stories have a similar of building tempo and setting the pace, also all stories play to our primal emotions weather its humour in lamb to the slaughter or sadness and confusion in butterflies or fear in the whole towns sleeping. Suspense is something that is built up in all stories, in Lamb to the slaughter suspense is built up in an unusual way first the title invites questions such as, who is being killed and is the story based on a farm doing this feeds out curiosity which in itself starts to build suspense and tension. The text starts off quite unusual fashion for a story of this genre, we would expect a dark, dingy and quite frightening place for a murder to take place in this story quite the opposite is true. The opening paragraph starts of quite poetic, The room was warm and clean, the curtains drawn, the two table lamps alight. Dahl also uses descriptive writing to give us vivid picture of a warm homely setting The room was warm and clean. (137) Everything seems above board until we get to the third sentence, the empty chair (137) the use of the word empty suggests that something is missing and in turn that begs the question why is it empty, The Pedestrian uses this also along with the metaphor empty riverbed, The car moved down the empty riverbed streets and off away, leaving the empty streets with the empty sidewalks, and no sound and no motion all the rest of the chill November night. This feeds out curiosity and adds to the suspense. The metaphor helps put across how bare the riverbed was so we have a clear image in our minds. The unusual thing about Lamb to the Slaughter is that the murder happens at the middle there is no time to wonder how the murder will be committed since we dont suspect anything. The reader is taken by surprise much as Patrick and Mary Maloney. The small table over turning helped bring her out of the shock. (141) Mary Maloney and the reader are in shock until we find out she killed him, she didnt mean to kill him it was done out of rage therefore she says So Ive killed him. (141) After the murder scene the reader follows Mrs Maloney around in her meticulous steps to cover her crime. One can wonder how such a sentimental and docile woman can turn out to be so calculating and cool-headed. When the police arrive, we wait for the moment Mrs Maloney gets caught this time never arrives There is an unfulfilled expectation. Butterflies short, snappy sentences to set the tempo which enables the reader to race ahead so we feel their heart is beating in time with the action, Towards midday I decided on a walk. I stood outside the house, hesitating (61). This is in direct contrast with The Pedestrian which opens with a long sentence which slows things down. To enter out into that silence that was the city at eight oclock of a misty evening in November, to put your feet upon that buckling concrete walk, to step over grassy seams and make your way, hands in pockets, through the silences, that was what Mr Leonard Mead most dearly loved to do. This sets a slow tempo so we can really absorb what we are being told and actually feel we are with Mr Mead. Do The whole towns sleeping utilizes the use of conversation to move the story along as well as short and long sentences to set the tempo and pace, we are drawn to the story because of the simple conversations we can empathize with. The theme of fear is something that is rampant in most of the stories, butterflies starts of quite disturbingly, I saw my first corpse on Thursday. This doesnt seem to frighten or upset the boy; he seems to be detached from his emotions unlike Lavinia Nebbs who is so overwhelmed with fear of the unknown she doesnt have the will power to turn round. Dont turn, dont look if you see him, youll not be able to move! Youll be frightened, youll freeze! Just run, run,run! In Lamb to the slaughter instead of being fearful Mary seems to be relishing the moment, she it literally getting away with murder, Mary Maloney began to giggle. While in The Pedestrian and the whole towns sleeping, everyone is fearful in the towns expect the people in actual danger. The way relationships are portrayed differs from story to story Mary Maloney was in what she thought was a loving relationship she loved her husband dearly, Now and again she would glance up at the clock, but without anxiety, merely to please herself with the thought that each minute gone by made it nearer the time when he would come. (137) Mary and her husband had what seemed to be the perfect relationship everything seemed above board, however when she got the news she lost her rationally this could be due to the fact she was pregnant and hormonal for this was her sixth month with child. (137) the strange thing considering it seemed to be done in rage she didnt show any remorse or sorrow, All right, she told herself. So Ive killed him. (141) that could possibly beg the question did she know beforehand did she contemplate the killing before hand, was she acting, does she have split personalities, we know she is calculated and calm under pressure and good at acting when talking to th e shopkeeper after killing her husband she states Patricks decided hes tired and doesnt want to eat out, you know, and now hes caught me without vegetables in the house. When she already knows hes dead and she is the murderer. However know the main character in Butterflies we know is a recluse, who found his mother grotesque he also believes because his chin and neck are close together people see him as untrustworthy he doesnt seem to trust anyone. My chin and me neck are the same thing and it breeds distrust My mother was like that too, only after I had left home did I find her grotesque. She died last year. His mother was also seen as a recluse, he says, Each year she went to Littlehampton and sat on a deckchair by herself, facing out to sea. We get the feeling he wasnt brought up in a loving household and that he didnt have much of a relationship with his mother, which could have lead him to become unsociable and lonely. Although we know he yearns to have some companions when walking in the street a football kicked by a group of boys came his way he stopped the ball with his foot and kicked it back, such a simple gesture caused him to because overwhelmed and giddy I could feel the thumping of my pulse in my temples. Such opportunities are rare for me. I do not meet many people.Also at the start of the text when a simple conversation arose with him and Charlie he fumbled this furthermore stresses the point he was not used to talking to people. When he and Jane converse he immediately realizes he wants her as a friend as she shows genuine interest and curiosity in him, I felt pleased that she was genuinely curious about me, and I was attracted to her. I wanted her to be my friend. The reader isnt alarmed by this as we think he is being friendly but little do we know the wheels have been set in motion for what happens next. After deceiving the girl under the false pretence of seeing butterflies, the disturbed individual wets his finger and wipes the ice cream off from around her mouth and puts the finger back into his mouth and tastes it. While doing this we find out, he has never touched another persons lips and he is excited and seems to be in orgasmic state, I had never touched another persons lips before nor had I experienced this kind of pleasure. It rose painfully from my groin to my chest.'(70) While doing this I believe he was engulfed with pleasure and didnt realize he was pressing so hard on Janes face she tells hi m, You pressed to hard. (70). All throughout the text I is used allot this suggests loneliness. Lavina Nebbs is seen as a father figure she is confident on the surface when around friends they look up to her she doesnt want to show weakness she has a strong relationship with her friends however when alone and going through the ravine she turns into a nervous shell of her former self, Oh god! God, please, please let me get up the hill! (55) Where as Mr Mead from The Pedestrian is calm when he is confronted and even protests his arrest. The whole towns sleeping starts off with the use of descriptive writing to set the scene, It was a warm summers night in the middle of Illinois (37) this gives us an image of brightness cosiness even. Which is the same way Roald Dahl starts Lamb to the slaughter, The room was warm and clean. (137) both authors use this to good effect so the reader is the ability to more clearly visualize what is being described. This subtle use of this type of writing shows itself again throughout The whole towns sleeping in the form of metaphors, Lavina felt the warm breath of the summer night shimmering off the oven-baked sidewalk. We really get a sense that it was a hot day this plays with our senses in the same way in The Pedestrian plays with our sense of smell It smelled of riveted steel (2) and in butterflies a simile is used to the same effect. Like a whippet. (63) The Whole Towns Sleeping. Ray Bradbury uses recreation to create interest to the story In the downtown drugstore, fans whispered in the high ceiling air He also uses metaphors and similes such as There were two moons: a clock moon with four faces The main character in Butterflies isnt really creative we only get one reference to some sort of inner life. Where he makes reference to an artist prominent in the 1920s, she was beautiful in a strange almost sinister way, like a girl in a Modigliani painting. (65) His flat narrative description exactly matches the flatness of his personality, I crossed over and looked at the cars engine, although it meant nothing to me. Another interesting thing about this character is that he never dwells on the fact of death he bounces between subjects. I believe his life experience had an impact on the development of his personality. Like Me Mead in The Pedestrian he is a loner and they both go on walks also the main character in Butterflies has a skewed view on the world whereas in the pedestrian the world is distorted it isnt just in Mr Meads imagination. In all stories there is only really one main character. Mary Maloney is a happy, contented woman who feels secure confident and fulfilled with her life. Roald Dahl describes, There was a slow smiling air about her, and about everything she did. (137) she is loving and the perfect house something that was normal in the time short story was written in 1953. She is a very organised individual she has a routine she does daily, she takes solace in it she believes that if that routine exists, all must be well. She also is calm, collected and rational she methodically gets rid of the evidence, Mary ultimately uses the same means of control over the investigating officers that she had used with Patrick: food, drink, and the illusion of uncomprehending innocence. That being said after all she didnt mean to kill her husband when she realizes what she has done, Mary is willing to accept the consequences, but, she worries about the child: As the wife of a detective, she knew quite well what the penalty would be. That was fine. It made no difference to her. In fact, it would be a relief. On the other hand, what about the child? At the start of the whole towns sleeping Lavina Nebbs is much like Mary Maloney secure and confident she is adamant that fear will not dictate her life, she starts the evening rational and fearless but is reduced to panic on the walk home when she admits her fear. Much like Jane from butterflies she is fearless and outgoing until confronted with fear. Jane who is the girl that was killed in lamb to the slaughter, is a friendly trusting child her parents might have been carefree and unaware that such crimes get committed, most children of that era were told dont talk to strangers or dont walk with strangers however Jane is fearless she is innocent. Jane could be seen as the butterfly a small delicate creature that is gently pushed down the river in the same way a butterfly would fly off into the distance, the word butterflies for a title is very befitting. Lamb to the slaughter is written in the third person in the same way as the whole towns sleeping, the tone of Lamb to the slaughter seems pretty calm it starts of quote poetic each line leading on seamlessly to the next then the tone changes the reader is sped up as Mary Malone executes her plan to get rid of the evidence. The text butterflies is written in the first person the main character is the narrator throughout the story there is a dense and atmospheric tone. Its often left to the reader to give moral significance to events that occur what I found interesting that the story was organized through flashback and the story isnt in chorological order, the story starts of, I saw my first corpse on Thursday (1) when that was the last thing that happened yet mentioned at the start. The narrator also switches from present to past tense. The strength in Butterflies is the writers versatility to be able to move through past and presence tense and to be able to move through different times during the day and to move from subject to subject. However by the end I get a sinking feeling in the pit of my stomach a horrendous crime has been committed and it seems as if the killer will get away, this leaves us wanting and yearning for justice and because unlike Lamb to the slaughter it was a little girl that was abused and killed we feel more hate towards the young man. Lamb to the slaughter the readers get a tale so grotesque, so darkly comic, and so hilarious in some of its incidental details that seem to be something out of a Benny hill show. We feel sympathy towards Mary because her husband broke their wedding vows her act of murder was callus yet unintentional, so we dont yearn for justice although I know a crime has been committed I feel happy to sit back and watch Mary hatch this farfetched comical plan. There could ha ve been emphasis on causing more suspense the detectives could have been more suspicious, however it is a well laid out and quite humorous story and begs the question did the detectives suspect anything after the incident it leaves us with unanswered questions. Roald is also effective at using dialogue to move the story along. Lamb to the slaughter is good at building the tension throughout the story then while Nebbs is in the ravine the excitement builds, when she reaches her house the tempo slows and almost grinds to a halt until she finds out someone is in her house we are left in awe. Ray Bradbury is good at controlling the tempo however at the end of the story I am left feeling unfulfilled I want to know the ending however this may just bring excitement for the sequel and play right into Bradburys hands. In this essay I have discussed the theme of fear and suspense and now different writers portray this and stylistic features used I found the similarity between stories interesting considering there from different authors my favorite story is butterflies I love the simple complexity of it the way the narrator moves from time and place seamlessly. And how all of the stories title have significance to the story and almost give us hints to the plot.