Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 11

Report - Essay Example Different exchange administrations are accessible in the new market as far as ease of use and worth. For instance an individual needs to watch a scene of a missed sequential by means of Internet on the PC. This may diminish the utilization of portable TV. The time of a powerful situation likewise carries difficulties for sellers to make contemplations with respect to buyer inclinations. The new market keeps on being powerful and developing media, Internet administrations, versatile correspondences and customer electronic items. The portable TV worldwide biological system comprises of substance suppliers, aggregators, retailers, specialist co-ops, systems, gadget programming arrangement suppliers, and gadget OEMs. It reasons that the portable TV biological system agreeably gives a start to finish data administrations and diversion that is far reaching from lasting and broadband systems above broadband remote systems for the buyers of cell phones in the third era or fourth era versatile systems. Propelled versatile information systems comprise of IPTV and portable TV administrations gave by portable administrators in the western nations. An exhaustive meaning of IPTV is accessible on www.iptvdictionary.com which says â€Å"Internet convention TV (IPTV) is a procedure of giving TV (video or potentially sound) benefits through the utilization Internet convention (IP) systems. These IP systems start, process, and get voice or sight and sound interchanges utilizing Internet convention. These IP frameworks might be open IP frameworks (for example the Internet), private information frameworks (for example LAN based), or a crossover of open and private systems†.Mobile TV is considered as a wonderful application by partners with regards to falling ARPU and benefits of versatile administrators. Associations are engaged with content arrangement and they have taken in the innovative upgrades and progressions alongside administration accessibility. These elements lead to selection comprehensively with high income streams. In spite of the fact that the forecasts identified with the portable

The Scarlet Letter - Punishment And Death Essays - Film,

The Scarlet Letter - Punishment and Death Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter manages numerous subjects, among those counting discipline and demise. Using the subject of discipline, the focal character, Hester Prynne, had to wear a weaved red letter on her chest for a mind-blowing remainder as an indication of her transgression of infidelity. This article; in any case, has the contrary effect as a discipline and as individuals of the network start to overlook the first centrality of the letter it comes to manage another importance, capable. In the thirteenth section of this book, Hawthorne comes out and as an outsider looking in states the red letter had not done its office. Hester has gone past the stated aim of the law and done everything inquired of her. She turns out to be a serious famous needle worker, proclaimed everywhere throughout the town of Boston for her work. She herself wears just boring attire of standard attire, rebuffing herself with quietude. There is just one bit of apparel that she is taboo to make, the wedding vail, it is expected that she can not in any way, shape or form speak to the estimations of a marriage. It would be generally ill-advised to have one who has submitted as transgression as she must be engaged with the conjugal obligations of another couple. By the by, she does her work obediently and totally. She is emotionately exhausted by all the work and compensation for her transgression. Halfway through the novel she no longer shows up as a shrouded stunner. Hester presently wears her hair in a top, and the main exertion of extensive worth is that which she uses in her lessons to Pearl. She has earned the towns individuals regard. Individuals presently view the letter as speaking to the word capable. As the Reverend Dimmesdale alludes to Pearl in his contention for permitting the kid to stay with her mom, God gave Pearl as a gift what's more, as a token of her transgression. The young lady herself is a substantially more extensive discipline to Hester then the letter An is. Pearl is the living image of her wrongdoing. All the malevolence and despise of this story is exemplified in this pretty much nothing young lady. Hawthorne brings up the issue of how Hester really observes Pearl by alluding to that small, snickering picture of a savage which seems to peep out of Pearl; Regardless of whether it peeped or no, her mom so envisioned it. She is an excellent appealling little youngster and in this way a gift, however the pressure of Hester's condition exciting bends in the road the activities of the young lady into insidious things. In that regard she is even more a discipline to Hester then a piece of fabric she should over her garments. On her visit to Governor Bellingham's home to argue for Pearl's authority, Hester passes by a suit of protection in which the bosom plate so amplifies the letter A she wore practically expending her. In later sections, after a shooting star shows up above Boston, a sexton so thinks about whether it spoken to Heavenly attendant originating from above. Incidentally along these lines, it was a fallen one descending so. Thus the letter A takes on another importance indeed. In Section 13, Hester ponders whether it wouldn't be better if both she and Pearl were both dead. The minor certainty that Hester can think about self destruction demonstrates that the red letter had not done it's office, on the grounds that self destruction is a reprehensible sin in the Puritan confidence. This reality in combination with what the red letter was intended to be and was not as well as Pearl herself being a significant discipline in herself, talked about in the above sections unmistakably bolsters my faith in the disappointment of the red letter to accomplish its work.

All My Sons2 essays

All My Sons2 expositions Every one of My Sons, a play by Arthur Miller, recounts dominatingly of the tale of the Kellers. This play happens after World War II, in the year 1947. It is a show of activities and outcomes and profound quality. This topic of activities and results is appeared after Joe Keller delivers out faulty motor parts, which eventually finishes in the passing of numerous pilots including that of his own child, Larry Keller, who murders himself in disgrace of his dad s activities. Joe Keller had two children, Chris and Larry, who is dead. Chris and his dad, Joe, have contradicting ethics and perspectives on a large number of the issues that oversee their lives, essentially the issue of the shipment of the imperfect motor parts. Chriss analysis of Joe and his ethics in juxtaposition to his own produces a disclosure of Chriss genuine character and his character imperfections. Chriss principle reactions of Joe, his dad, predominantly manages the shipment of the deficient motor parts. Joe assumes a significant job in this play. He is appeared as the foe, the person who through his terrible choices, winds up executing numerous guiltless pilots who were just guarding their nation. In All My Sons, Miller confounds the story in that the dad becomes imperfect ethically to such a degree, that the outside powers work as reflections or declarations of the fundamental internal shortcoming. (Martin, 9) As Yorks appears in his exposition, through Joes steadfastness to his business and his family, Joe double-crosses the bigger loyalties of the worldwide clash [World War II] (21) by delivery out deficient motor parts. Joe attempts to protect his activities by saying, Who worked for nothin in that war? When they work for nothin, Ill work for nothin...its dollars and pennies, nickels and dimes; war and harmony, its nickels and dimes, whats clean? A large portion of the Goddamn nation is gotta go in the event that I go! (Mill operator, 67) Joe cases to Chris that practically all the organizations inv... <!

Gsm Specification & Air Interface

[pic] WHAT IS GSM: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications: initially from Groupe Special Mobile) is the most well known standard for cell phone frameworks on the planet. The GSM Association, its advancing industry exchange association of cell phone transporters and makers, assesses that 80% of the worldwide portable market utilizes the norm. GSM Specifications-I RF Spectrum GSM 900 1. Versatile to BTS (uplink): 890-915 MHz 2. BTS to Mobile (downlink):935-960 MHz 3. Data transfer capacity: 2* 25 MHz GSM 1800 1. Versatile to BTS (uplink): 1710-1785 MHz 2. BTS to Mobile (downlink) 1805-1880 MHz 3. Data transfer capacity: 2* 75 MHz GSM Specification-II 1. Bearer Separation : 200 KHz 2. Duplex Distance : 45 MHz 3. No. of RF bearers : 124 4. Access Method : TDMA/FDMA 5. Tweak Method: GMSK 6. Adjustment information rate: 270. 833 Kbps ADVANTAGES OF GSM: 1. GSM utilizes radio frequencies productively and because of the computerized radio way the framework endures progressively intercellular aggravations. 2. The normal nature of discourse accomplished is better than in existing simple frameworks. 3. Information transmission is bolstered all through the framework. 4. Discourse is encoded and supporter data security is ensured. . Because of the ISDN similarity, new administrations are offered contrasted with simple frameworks. 6. Worldwide meandering is in fact conceivable inside all the nations concerned. 7. The enormous market toughens the opposition and brings down the costs both for speculations and uses. GSM SPECIFICATIONS The primary thought behind the GSM particulars is to char acterize a few open interfaces which at that point are restricting sure pieces of the GSM framework. Due to this interface, receptiveness the administrator keeping up the system may get various pieces of the system from various GSM arrange providers. Likewise when an interface is open it characterizes carefully what's going on through the interface and this thus carefully characterizes what sort of activities/systems/capacities should ne executed between the interfaces. STRUCTURE OF GSM: [pic] GSM Specifications: Before taking a gander at the GSM details, it is imperative to comprehend the accompanying fundamental terms: * Bandwidth â€the scope of a channel's restricts; the more extensive the transmission capacity, the quicker information can be sent * Bits every second (bps) â€a single on-off beat of information; eight bits are identical to one byte * Frequency â€the number of cycles per unit of time; recurrence is estimated in hertz (Hz) Kilo (k) â€kilo is the assignment for 1,000; the shortening kbps speaks to 1,000 bits for each second * Megahertz (MHz) â€1,000,000 hertz (cycles every second) * Milliseconds (ms) â€one-thousandth of a second * Watt (W) â€a proportion of intensity of a transmitter Specifica tions for various individual correspondence administrations (PCS) frameworks fluctuate among the various PCS systems. Recorded underneath is a depiction of the details and attributes for GSM. * Frequency band †the recurrence extend indicated for GSM is 1,850 to 1,990 MHz (portable station to base station). * Duplex separation â€The duplex separation is 80 MHz. Duplex separation is the separation between the uplink and downlink frequencies. A channel has two frequencies, 80 MHz separated. * Channel partition â€The detachment between contiguous bearer frequencies. In GSM, this is 200 kHz. * Modulation â€Modulation is the way toward imparting a sign by changing the qualities of a transporter recurrence. This is done in GSM by means of Gaussian least move keying (GMSK). * Transmission rate â€GSM is a computerized framework with an over-the-air bit pace of 270 kbps. * Access strategy â€GSM uses the time division various access (TDMA) idea. TDMA is a procedure where a few distinct calls may have a similar transporter. Each call is doled out a specific schedule vacancy. * Speech coder â€GSM utilizes straight prescient coding (LPC). The reason for LPC is to decrease the bit rate. The LPC gives parameters to a channel that mirrors the vocal tract. The sign goes through this channel, deserting a leftover sign. Discourse is encoded at 13 kbps. GSM Subscriber Services There are two fundamental sorts of administrations offered through GSM: communication (likewise alluded to as tele administrations) and information (additionally alluded to as carrier administrations). Communication administrations are essentially voice benefits that furnish endorsers with the total ability (counting vital terminal hardware) to speak with different supporters. Information administrations give the limit important to transmit suitable information flags between two passages making an interface to the system. Notwithstanding typical communication and crisis calling, the accompanying endorser administrations are upheld by GSM: * Dual-tone multi-recurrence (DTMF) â€DTMF is a tone flagging plan frequently utilized for different control purposes by means of the phone organize, for example, remote control of a replying mail. GSM bolsters full-beginning DTMF. * Facsimile bunch III â€GSM bolsters CCITT Group 3 copy. As standard fax machines are intended to be associated with a phone utilizing simple signals, an extraordinary fax converter associated with the trade is utilized in the GSM framework. This empowers a GSMâ€connected fax to speak with any simple fax in the system. * Short message administrations â€A helpful office of the GSM arrange is the short message administration. A message comprising of a limit of 160 alphanumeric characters can be sent to or from a versatile station. This administration can be seen as a propelled type of alphanumeric paging with various points of interest. On the off chance that the supporter's portable unit is controlled off or has left the inclusion zone, the message is put away and offered back to the endorser when the versatile is fueled on or has reappeared the inclusion region of the system. This capacity guarantees that the message will be gotten. * Cell communicate â€A variety of the short message administration is the cell communicated office. A message of a limit of 93 characters can be communicated to every versatile supporter in a specific geographic territory. Run of the mill applications incorporate traffic blockage alerts and reports on mishaps. * Voice mail â€This administration is really a replying mail inside the system, which is constrained by the supporter. Calls can be sent to the endorser's phone message box and the supporter checks for messages by means of an individual security code. * Fax mail â€With this administration, the endorser can get fax messages at any fax machine. The messages are put away in an assistance place from which they can be recovered by the endorser by means of an individual security code to the ideal fax number. Strengthening Services GSM underpins a complete arrangement of valuable administrations that can supplement and bolster both communication and information administrations. Valuable administrations are characterized by GSM and are portrayed as income creating highlights. An incomplete posting of beneficial administrations follows. * Call sending â€This administration enables the endorser of forward approaching calls to another number if the called portable unit isn't reachable, on the off chance that it is occupied, if there is no answer, or if call sending is permitted genuinely. Notwithstanding of active calls â€This administration makes it feasible for a versatile endorser of forestall every single active call. * Barring of approaching calls â€This work permits the supporter of forestall approaching calls. The accompanying two conditions for approaching call notwithstanding exist: exposing of every approaching call and excepting of approaching calls while wandering outside the home PLMN. * Advice of charge (AOC) â€The AOC administration gives the portable supporter a gauge of the call charges. There are two sorts of AOC data: one that gives the supporter a gauge of the bill and one that can be utilized for prompt charging purposes. AOC for information calls is given based on time estimations. * Call hold â€This administration empowers the endorser of interfere with a continuous call and afterward accordingly restore the call. The call hold administration is just pertinent to ordinary communication. * Call holding up â€This administration empowers the versatile endorser of be told of an approaching call during a discussion. The endorser can reply, dismiss, or disregard the approaching call. Call holding up is appropriate to all GSM media communications administrations utilizing a circuit-exchanged association. Multiparty administration â€The multiparty administration empowers a versatile supporter of set up a multiparty conversationâ€that is, a concurrent discussion somewhere in the range of three and six endorsers. This administration is just material to ordinary communication. * Calling line recognizable proof introduction/limitation â€These administrations gracefully the called party with the i ncorporated administrations computerized arrange (ISDN) number of the calling party. The limitation administration empowers the calling gathering to confine the introduction. The limitation abrogates the introduction. * Closed client gatherings (CUGs) â€CUGs are commonly similar to a PBX. They are a gathering of supporters who are prepared to do just calling themselves and certain numbers. AIR INTERFACE In cell phone interchanges, the air interface is the radio-recurrence part of the circuit between the PDA set or remote modem (normally compact or portable) and the dynamic base station. As a supporter moves starting with one cell then onto the next in the framework, the dynamic base station changes intermittently. Every changeover is known as a handoff. A cell association is just in the same class as its most fragile connection, which is quite often the air interface. Radio-recurrence (RF) circuits are dependent upon numerous factors that influence signal quality. Components that can cause issues include: * Use of the handheld telephone set or compact remote modem inside structures, vehicles, transports, trucks, or prepares * Proximity to human-made, steel-outline obstacles, particularly enormous structures and interstate bridges * Abundance of utility wires that can reflect radio signs or potentially create clamor tha

Bail What Are Your Options

Bail What Are Your Options Bail: What Are Your Options? Bail: What Are Your Options?Making bail while you await trial could be the difference between simply going to court and losing your job, your house, or even more.If you’re reading this you’re either just some sort of “bail option enthusiast” or you’re in a less than ideal situation and are looking for some help. In the United States you’re technically innocent until proven guiltyâ€"but in reality, people are currently being held in prison without having been convicted of anything.“It isnt just ‘possible’ for somebody to be held pending trial because he or she cannot afford the bail,” warned Florida criminal defense attorney Michael Dye. “It is happening every day in most, if not all, jurisdictions. It isnt an abstract concept.”Yes, depressingly, our justice system has its own modern spin on debtors’ prisons. So what are your options if you can’t afford to pay your bail or the bail of a friend or family member?Bail basics.The stated purpose of bail seems re asonable enough. Theoretically, it provides a guarantee that someone will show up for trial without requiring that person be held in prison until the trial date. In reality, it can create a tiered justice system where poor people are held in prison until their trial date.“The purpose of bail is to ensure an individual’s presence at trial,” explained Dye. “Nothing more, nothing less. There is a presumption of non-monetary release unless the defendant is being held for a ‘dangerous crime.’ Dangerous crime is defined by statute.“There are certain criminal charges that come with a ‘preset’ bond. It is known as a ‘courtesy bond.’ For example, in Broward County, the bond on a first DUI with no accident and no aggravating factors is $500. Once you are arrested and booked, you can pay the $500 and be released before even seeing a judge.”And if you can’t pay that $500?Ask for a lesser amount.Judges tend to have a decent amount of leeway when it comes to setting bail . You may end up stuck with a strict judge, but it doesn’t hurt to ask.“If you cannot make the $500 bond, you can request a lesser amount at the first appearance which is almost always held within 24 hours of the arrest,” advised Dye. “The judge at the first appearance can reduce it or leave it the same. For criminal charges without a courtesy bond, the judge determines the bond at the first appearance.”Try to get a signature bond.You may be able to get a judge to agree to let you avoid jail before trial without paying bail entirely. It might not be likely, but why not give it a try?“Bail is basically an assurance to the judge that you’ll show up for your court dates,” reiterated New Orleans criminal defense attorney Lance J. Robinson. “If you and your attorney sit down with the judge and convince them that you will, without a doubt, show up to your court dates and that you’re not a threat to yourself or the community, you can be granted a signature bond. This bo nd is granted by the judge and will require no payment, although it is arguably the most difficult to attain.”Get a regular bond.Bail bonds are loans that are used to pay bail. However, much like any other loan, if you don’t have good credit or know someone who does and will be able to sign off for you, it might be difficult to get a bond.“I operate in the bail bonds industry where we help individuals bail out their loved ones,” recounted Adi Dzebic, owner of Bail Bonds Network. “Many come to us looking for bail or a loan and hope to avoid a credit check. Some of our bail bondsmen offer bonds with no credit checks as an incentive to drive business, but it definitely presents risks.“As bondsmen, we definitely want to protect ourselves in cases where we offer a bailout without a credit check. This means extra rules for the person being released from jail such as drug testing, frequent check-ins at our office, an ankle monitoring device, and other measures to ensure the per son doesnt skip bail (e.g. run off without attending their court cases).“All in all, yes, we sometimes offer no credit check loans but we often try to cover ourselves to account for this extra risk.”See if you can put up collateral.In addition to the aforementioned terms a bondsman could put on you, you might be able to put up collateral if you can’t get a bond otherwise.“Most states will also allow you, a friend, or family member to put up property as collateral,” offered Dzebic. “Obtaining a bail emergency loan is sometimes not possible since lenders deny high-risk, low income individuals especially if you don’t have a job or any money saved up. Bail bond lenders simply can’t take the risk if you appear like you can’t make your payments.Having someone in your circle with property or other assets can help. If you don’t have a person that will vouch for you financially, you may want to explore pawning off any valuables or obtaining a loan using your car title or other assets.”See what your lawyer can work out.As anyone who has ever been arrested or watched an episode of Law Order knows, you have the right to an attorney. However, much like your right not to be imprisoned without conviction, the reality of your right to an attorney can have a lot to do with your ability to afford one.Yes, there are public defenders for those who can’t afford attorneys, but their offices tend to be understaffed and underfunded, leading to one defender loaded down with more clients than they can provide a robust defense for.But to whatever extent you have access to an attorney, you can tell them about your situation and they can advocate on your behalf.“Im a criminal defense attorney and criminal justice professor, as well as a former prosecutor,” recounted Matt Pinsker who teaches law at Virginia Commonwealth University (@VCUWilderSchool). “When I have a client who cannot afford a bond, I schedule a bond hearing to get in front of a judge to (among other things) ask that the amount of money for bond be released or an alternative to a cash bond.Alternatives to a cash bond include more supervision while released, release to a third party custodian, house arrest with monitoring, GPS bracelet.“If there are no circumstances where a judge will set a bond or other conditions for release that my client can do, I try to advance the court date to get the matter adjudicated as soon as possible, or strike a plea agreement with the prosecutor to get the case closed.With the latter option, it is a strong case for reforming our bond system because there is the danger that persons who are innocent will plead guilty to charges that are ultimately beatable so that they can be released.”Charitable funds.If you have nowhere else to turn, you may be able to use a charitable bail fund. Or try and reach out to charitable people in your extended social circle.“We recommend looking at bail funds to sponsor you and cover your 10% bail bond fee a t no charge,” began Dzebic, “but charitable bail funds are limited to certain states, although more are introduced on a regular basis.Another option is to borrow money from friends and family unless you are ready to enter into high-interest loans. Many states are now lowering the bail amount set for those in low income households to prevent discrimination and unfair challenges.”Unfortunately, whether or not you can pay bail can have impacts even beyond whether you spend the time until your trial in jail. As Pinsker alluded to, even if someone has not actually committed a crime, they may feel pushed into pleading guilty if it means they won’t have to sit in a cell.“The issue for the consumer who is locked up in jail and cant find the money for a bail out,” laid out Dzebic, “is 90% are likely to plead guilty vs only 40 percent pleading guilty if they can afford a loan to get out. Without financing for a bail bond, people spend 15 days on average in jail. That’s enough time to be expelled from school or lose your job.It’s an unfair disadvantage for people to not have the financial options to release their loved one from jail. Most lenders will require you to have a job, bank account, and be at least 21 years of age for a loan.”Many activists are pushing to make the system better, and they’ve been making some progress. In the meantime, however, we hope this advice can help you or a friend or relative if it’s ever needed. Though we hope it’s not needed!To learn more planning for less-than-ideal scenarios, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Financially Plan for DeathSo Your Identity’s Been Stolen … Now What?Emergencies and Divorce: How to Plan For Worst-Case ScenariosEmergency Funds Are Important: Here’s How to Start Building OneDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsMichael Dye has substantial exp erience taking both misdemeanor and felony cases to trial. Mr. Dye has tried cases including, but not limited to, DUI, possession of a controlled substance, driving on a suspended license, leaving the scene of an accident with injury, possession of drug paraphernalia, capital sexual battery, armed robbery, kidnapping, and many other serious criminal matters. Mr. Dye has also been successful in getting cases dismissed or reduced using various pretrial motions.Adi Dzebic is owner of Bail Bonds Network  and other online assets in the finance and education sector. Dzebic is an MBA with a background in marketing, entrepreneurship, and finance. Bail Bonds Network looks to bridge consumers with bail bondsmen to offer options and education on how to secure bail bonds and other financial services.Matt C. Pinsker is a former state and federal prosecutor who currently practices law as a civilian criminal defense attorney and a Judge Advocate in the US Army Reserves, while also teaching crimina l justice as a professor at Virginia Commonwealth University (@VCUWilderSchool).Lance J. Robinson is a dedicated New Orleans criminal defense attorney with over 22 years of experience. He has defended over 2,400 local and out-of-town clients and is recognized among the Top 100 Trial Lawyers by the National Trial Lawyers. He received his law degree in 1996 at Tulane University School of Law and went on to work for the Louisiana State Attorney General’s Office and a large personal injury firm. In 1999, he started his own law firm as a sole practitioner, where he provides clients with individualized attention and the legal representation that works best for them.

The Juvenile Justice System - Free Essay Example

Should criminal acts by youths be given the same weight as those committed by adults, or should they be seen as mistakes that can be corrected by care and counseling? (Gaines Miller, 2013, p. 502) A juvenile delinquent is defined as minors, usually defined as being between the ages of 10 and 18, who have committed some act that violates the law. These acts arent called crimes as they would be for adults. Rather, crimes committed by minors are called delinquent acts . The juvenile system goes through the course of rehabilitation, punishment, treatment, and custody. Many believe juveniles commit these delinquent acts due to exposure to social problems such as violence, racism, poverty, and culture. In the nineteenth century, all juvenile delinquents were tried as adult offenders. Today, adult offenders and juvenile offenders are tried under separate courts, with separate standards. In a 2003 poll, almost sixty percent of Americans indicated that they favored trying violent youths in adult criminal courts instead of juvenile courts. (Gaines Miller, 2013, p. 503) Within the United States juvenile courts, it depends on which state a juvenile resides in to determine what the minimum age is that they would be tried as an adult offender. For instance, in Utah, the minimum age is 14-15 years old, which is among the eldest in the country. In Arizona, there is no age minimum to which a juvenile can be tried as an adult. Today, Juveniles do not possess the same constitutional rights when charged with a crime as adults do. Such as, they do not have the right to a jury trial, but they do obtain the right to probable cause needed to search a minor. The objective of this is give focus to th e juvenile, not the crime. Criminal behavior is defined as a behavior under violation of governmental laws that are punishable by law. Juvenile criminal behavior includes carrying weapons, participating in physical fights, driving under the influence, stealing, vandalism, etc. Research leads people to believe that by the age of fourteen, people have the same mental ability to make the adequate decisions adults (those eighteen and older) make. Essentially, distinguishing what is right and what is wrong. Although, the human brain does not stop developing until approximately the age of 25. This being so, people under this age do not have the same thinking process as people 25 and older. Which could result in poor decision making. This does not mean that they should not be punished for making poor decisions, but that the standards should be different for the different age groups. The american juvenile system strives to control and prevent misbehavior and serious acts committed by minors. The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) compiles official data on crime in the United States, published by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). According to the UCR in 2010, juveniles accounted for 13.7 percent of violent crime arrests, and 12.6 percent of general criminal arrests. To break it down by category of crime, juveniles were responsible for 9 percent of all murder arrests, 11 percent of all aggravated assault arrests, 14 percent of all forcible rapes, 20 percent of all weapon arrests, 24 percent of all robbery arrests, 23 percent of all Part 1 property crimes, and 10 percent of all drug offenses. (Gaines Miller, 2013, p. 509) There are many strategies to prevent juvenile delinquency. Such as school and community based programs like the D.A.R.E and neighborhood watch programs. There is a track system the juvenile justice system must follow. The track system first goes through a referral from either a non law enforcement source or a law enforcement source. The referral leads to the intake which can result in detention, being diverted from the juvenile justice system, waiver to the adult court, or it can go into formal processing. When it gets to formal processing, it will either get a waiver into the adult court, or it will flow into adjudication. Once it hits adjunction, the defendant will either be found guilty or not guilty. If the defendant is guilty, they will either face the consequence of probation supervision, or secure or nonsecure confinement. Police have stronger authority to juveniles than adults because they have the ability to take youths into custody for status offenses. Status offenses are offenses only prohibited by minors such as violating curfew. Risk factors are any attributes, characteristics or exposures of an individual that increases the likelihood of an event or action. There are four risk factors that are used to explain juvenile delinquent behavior. The factors are age, substance abuse, family issues, and gangs. One way age is correlated with juvenile delinquent behavior is the older a person is, the less likely he or she will exhibit criminal behavior. (Gaines Miller, 2013, p. 514) People tend to commit less criminal activity the older they get because we go through events such as marriage and career which tends to mature us and decline interest in criminal behavior. Substance abuse is correlated with juvenile criminal behavior by increasing the probability of violent acts, sexual behavior, health decline, and academic failure. The major criminal behavior caused by substance abuse by a juvenile is driving under the influence. Driving under the influence causes death to nearly 2,500 minors each year. Family issues correspond to juvenile offending behavior by a lack of a parental role model, parental and/or sibling drug abuse, poverty, deprevations (food, shelter, etc), parental/sibling gang relations, etc. Child abuse is defined as mistreatment of children by causing physical, emotional, or sexual damage without any plausible explanation, such as an accident. (Gaines Miller, 2013, p. 515) Youths who suffer from child abuse or neglect are at a greater risk for committing criminal acts. Gangs commit delinquency by forming a group with a special shared characteristic to engage in criminal activity together to benefit the group. Youth gang is defined as a self formed group of youths with several identifiable characteristics, including a gang name, and other recognizable symbols, a geographic territory, and participation in illegal activities. (Gaines Miller, 2013, p. 515) Gangs have been in the United States since around 1780 and there are still currently around 20,000 gangs throughout the country today. Gang population tends to correlate with juvenile delinquency population. The areas with the highest populations of gangs tend to be in Chicago and Los Angeles, which also happen to be among the highest juvenile criminal behavior populations. Diversity is having different forms of things pertaining to a specific idea. Although there tends to be trends in age, gender, race, and ethnicity, there is diversity throughout juvenile delinquency. For instance, the average gang member is seventeen to eighteen years old. Within the United States, approximately 49 percent of gang members are hispanic, 35 percent are african american, 9 percent are white, and 7 percent belong to other racial and ethnic backgrounds. (Gaines Miller, 2013, p. 516) In conclusion, the juvenile justice system must hold a standard of Parens Patriae. Parens Patriae is defined as a doctrine that allows the state to step in and serve as a guardian for children, the mentally ill, the incompetent, the elderly, or disabled persons who are unable to care for themselves. An example of this is how a judge has power to change custody of a child. When children are put through something as custody of the state, they are more likely to be a participant in juvenile delinquency. Other circumstances that influence juvenile delinquency is exposure to violence, racism, poverty, and culturalism. As a juvenile delinquent goes through the justice system they will experience punishment as well as rehabilitation. The ultimate goal of the American Juvenile Justice System is to ensure public safety, skill development, habilitation, rehabilitation, address treatment needs, and reintegration of youth into the community.

Why United States Invades Iraq - 1521 Words

First of all , the paper first way is going to expound about why United States invades Iraq in 2003 for serveral reasons as illustrates: first of all, since United States want to implement the economic sanction to Iraq, they start to invade the Iraq in 2003 and also occupied the Iraqi capital of Baghdad. To be specific, according to research information is clearly shown that due to the Gulf War, the United Nations asked Iraq to stop all chemical and biological weapons because they are worried that it will bring negative influence to the citizen, society and the world. For example, it is being showing by â€Å"The United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) performed inspections in Iraq to make sure that the conditions of the peace agreement that followed the first Gulf War were carried out.† (Jakobsen NTNU, n.d.). Secondly, through the research shows that United States in order to take the military sanctions to against Iraq, Washington s own one-side to take-no-fly zones in the northern and the southern of Iraq. At the same time, the research states that after the first Gulf War, the President George W. Bush and President Bill Clinton signed an agreement which is a legally effective power of attorney in order to overthrow and dismantle Saddam Hussein s regime and preventing Saddam s military coup. Not only does it prevent Saddam s military coup, but also it can take effective means for the Iraqi military. In addition, according to JHSS article claims that UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe Representation Of The Government Politics Model Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s decision to invade Iraq and overthrow Saddam Hussein in 2003, only one model sufficiently explains the decision. The Rational Actor Model only evaluates the nation’s actions as one entity and does not look at any of the organizational or individual behaviors that contributed to the decision. On the other hand, the Organizational Behavior Model explores the processes that sup ported the war’s justification and developed the military’s recommendation, but does not explain why the administrationRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On The Iraq War887 Words   |  4 PagesHistory Annotated Bibliographies Britannica Editors. â€Å"Iraq War†. britannica.com, https://www.britannica.com/event/Iraq-War. Britannica, 2004. Information is revised and edited to be accurate. Britannica is a reliable website. Sources used are both primary and secondary. No knowledge needed to read this article. Great place to start. Covers most aspects of the Invasion of iraq and the iraq War in 2003. Written chronologically. 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